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  1. The purpose of this White Paper is to review recent progress towards elucidating and evaluating string amplitudes, relating them to quantum field theory amplitudes, applying their predictions to string dualities, exploring their connection with gravitational physics, and deepening our under- standing of their mathematical structure. We also present a selection of targets for future research. 
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  2. Music is an important part of childhood development, with online music listening platforms being a significant channel by which children consume music. Children’s offline music listening behavior has been heavily researched, yet relatively few studies explore how their behavior manifests online. In this paper, we use data from LastFM 1 Billion and the Spotify API to explore online music listening behavior of children, ages 6–17, using education levels as lenses for our analysis. Understanding the music listening behavior of children can be used to inform the future design of recommender systems. 
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  3. A bstract We study modular invariants arising in the four-point functions of the stress tensor multiplet operators of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 SU( N ) super-Yang-Mills theory, in the limit where N is taken to be large while the complexified Yang-Mills coupling τ is held fixed. The specific four-point functions we consider are integrated correlators obtained by taking various combinations of four derivatives of the squashed sphere partition function of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 ∗ theory with respect to the squashing parameter b and mass parameter m , evaluated at the values b = 1 and m = 0 that correspond to the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 theory on a round sphere. At each order in the 1 /N expansion, these fourth derivatives are modular invariant functions of ( τ, $$ \overline{\tau} $$ τ ¯ ). We present evidence that at half-integer orders in 1 /N , these modular invariants are linear combinations of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series, while at integer orders in 1 /N , they are certain “generalized Eisenstein series” which satisfy inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equations on the hyperbolic plane. These results reproduce known features of the low-energy expansion of the four-graviton amplitude in type IIB superstring theory in ten-dimensional flat space and have interesting implications for the structure of the analogous expansion in AdS 5 × S 5 . 
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  4. null (Ed.)
    A 28-GHz one-bit direct-detection based MIMO receiver with wireless LO distribution is presented. Unlike a conventional MIMO structure, in this work the antenna receives both RF and the broadcast single-ended LO, and directly converts them to an IF signal by using a simple low-power square-law detector without the need for a conventional mixer or LO buffers. An LNA with a notch filter is designed to help reduce the non-idealities that appear when the input LO power is lower than that of the RF. A 1-GS/s symbol rate with a high error-vector magnitude is achieved with a power consumption of 33 mW by using a 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS process. 
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  5. null (Ed.)
    This paper introduces a fully automatic method of mechanic illumination for general video game level generation. Using the Constrained MAP-Elites algorithm and the GVG-AI framework, this system generates the simplest tile based levels that contain specific sets of game mechanics and also satisfy playability constraints. We apply this method to illuminate the mechanic space for four different games in GVG-AI: Zelda, Solarfox, Plants, and RealPortals. With this system, we can generate playable levels that contain different combinations of most of the possible mechanics. These levels can later be used to populate game tutorials that teach players how to use the mechanics of the game. 
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  6. A bstract We study the four-point function of the lowest-lying half-BPS operators in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 SU( N ) super-Yang-Mills theory and its relation to the flat-space four-graviton amplitude in type IIB superstring theory. We work in a large- N expansion in which the complexified Yang-Mills coupling τ is fixed. In this expansion, non-perturbative instanton contributions are present, and the SL(2 , ℤ) duality invariance of correlation functions is manifest. Our results are based on a detailed analysis of the sphere partition function of the mass-deformed SYM theory, which was previously computed using supersymmetric localization. This partition function determines a certain integrated correlator in the undeformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 SYM theory, which in turn constrains the four-point correlator at separated points. In a normalization where the two-point functions are proportional to N 2 − 1 and are independent of τ and $$ \overline{\tau} $$ τ ¯ , we find that the terms of order $$ \sqrt{N} $$ N and $$ 1/\sqrt{N} $$ 1 / N in the large N expansion of the four-point correlator are proportional to the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series $$ E\left(\frac{3}{2},\tau, \overline{\tau}\right) $$ E 3 2 τ τ ¯ and $$ E\left(\frac{5}{2},\tau, \overline{\tau}\right) $$ E 5 2 τ τ ¯ , respectively. In the flat space limit, these terms match the corresponding terms in the type IIB S-matrix arising from R 4 and D 4 R 4 contact inter-actions, which, for the R 4 case, represents a check of AdS/CFT at finite string coupling. Furthermore, we present striking evidence that these results generalize so that, at order $$ {N}^{\frac{1}{2}-m} $$ N 1 2 − m with integer m ≥ 0, the expansion of the integrated correlator we study is a linear sum of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series with half-integer index, which are manifestly SL(2 , ℤ) invariant. 
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  7. null (Ed.)
    Video game tutorials allow players to gain mastery over game skills and mechanics. To hone players’ skills, it is beneficial from practicing in environments that promote individ- ual player skill sets. However, automatically generating environ- ments which are mechanically similar to one-another is a non- trivial problem. This paper presents a level generation method for Super Mario by stitching together pre-generated “scenes” that contain specific mechanics, using mechanic-sequences from agent playthroughs as input specifications. Given a sequence of mechanics, the proposed system uses an FI-2Pop algorithm and a corpus of scenes to perform automated level authoring. The proposed system outputs levels that can be beaten using a similar mechanical sequence to the target mechanic sequence but with a different playthrough experience. We compare the proposed system to a greedy method that selects scenes that maximize the number of matched mechanics. Unlike the greedy approach, the proposed system is able to maximize the number of matched mechanics while reducing emergent mechanics using the stitching process. 
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  8. null (Ed.)
    We present a new method of automatic critical mechanic discovery for video games using a combination of game description parsing and playtrace information. This method is applied to several games within the General Video Game Artificial Intelligence (GVG-AI) framework. In a user study, human-identified mechanics are compared against system-identified critical mechanics to verify alignment between humans and the system. The results of the study demonstrate that the new method is able to match humans with higher consistency than baseline. Our system is further validated by comparing MCTS agents augmented with critical mechanics and vanilla MCTS agents on 4 games from GVG-AI. Our new playtrace method shows a significant performance improvement over the baseline for all 4 tested games. The proposed method also shows either matched or improved performance over the old method, demonstrating that playtrace information is responsible for more complete critical mechanic discovery. 
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