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Creators/Authors contains: "Hoberg, Eric P."

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  1. Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 1, 2024
  2. Abstract Aim

    We test the predictions of the Stockholm Paradigm, a synthesis of eco‐evolutionary theory explaining the nature of faunal assembly, host range and parasite diversification. Faunal diversification and assembly, manifested in patterns of host colonization, co‐adaptation and parasite speciation, are predicted to emerge as a consequence of alternating episodes of ecological disruption and stability. Specifically, for a diverse cestode genus (Arostrilepis), we evaluate the number and direction of Pleistocene dispersal events across Beringia, the number and relative timing of host colonization events and the relationship between host and parasite biogeographic histories and associations through time.

    Location

    Beringia and adjacent temperate to arctic biomes in North America and Eurasia.

    Taxon

    Arostrilepis(Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) and its rodent hosts.

    Methods

    Multi‐locus phylogenetic reconstruction and biogeographic ancestral range estimation.

    Results

    Arostrilepislineages crossed Beringia eastward into North America a minimum of four times and westward into Asia twice in association with temporally disjunct geographic expansions of three major tribes of cricetid rodents (Arvicolini, Myodini, Lemmini). Inferences of ancestral host associations support at least nine instances of host colonization involving shifts from one rodent tribe or family to another. Several previously unrecognized lineages ofArostrilepisare revealed.

    Main conclusions

    Consistent with expectations of the Stockholm Paradigm, episodes of intercontinental dispersal were both frequent in the history ofArostrilepisand preceded a majority of inferred host‐colonization events. Events of historical geographic expansion created numerous opportunities for development of novel host–parasite associations through ecological fitting, as parasites tracked historically conserved resources available across diverse host taxa. Beringia played a major role in shaping rodent/parasite assemblages by mediating dispersal between the northern continents during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene, rather than by serving as a zone of refugial isolation.

     
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  3. Abstract

    The Cyclophyllidea is the most diverse order of tapeworms, encompassing species that infect all classes of terrestrial tetrapods including humans and domesticated animals. Available phylogenetic reconstructions based either on morphology or molecular data lack the resolution to allow scientists to either propose a solid taxonomy or infer evolutionary associations. Molecular markers available for the Cyclophyllidea mostly include ribosomalDNAand mitochondrial loci. In this study, we identified 3641 single‐copy nuclear coding loci by comparing the genomes ofHymenolepis microstoma,Echinococcus granulosusandTaenia solium. We designedRNAbaits based on the sequence ofH. microstoma, and applied target enrichment and Illumina sequencing to test the utility of those baits to recover loci useful for phylogenetic analyses. We capturedDNAfrom five species of tapeworms representing two families of cyclophyllideans. We obtained an average of 3284 (90%) of the targets from the test samples and then used captured sequences (2 181 361 bp in total; fragment size ranging from 301 to 6969 bp) to reconstruct a phylogeny for the five test species plus the three species for which genomic data are available. The results were consistent with the current consensus regarding cyclophyllidean relationships. To assess the potential for our method to yield informative genetic variation at intraspecific scales, we extracted 14 074 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from alignments of fourArostrilepis macrocirrosaand twoA. cookiand successfully inferred their relationships. The results showed that our target gene tools yield data sets that provide robust inferences at a range of taxonomic scales in the Cyclophyllidea.

     
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