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Algorithm building, creating a step-by-step procedure to carry out a solution, is a challenging concept for youth to learn and practice. Kinetic sculpture is a novel context for examining how students may learn algorithms through designing and making. As part of a larger study, we collected and analyzed a total of 18 student pre- and post-tests on computational thinking, physical computing, and arts. To examine how students build algorithms in the process of designing and making a kinetic sculpture, we analyze two vignettes from two small groups in a STEAM-based workshop. Findings show that while designing and building kinetic sculpture, students learned computational thinking and applied algorithms by incorporating inputs, outputs, and variables during the process. This study offers a springboard to investigate how students create and apply algorithms in designing and making kinetic sculpture and provides empirical evidence on how students learn algorithms in a STEAM learning context. 

Abstract—This paper presents a control co-design method for designing the mechanical power takeoff (PTO) system of a dual- flap oscillating surge wave energy converter. Unlike most existing work’s simplified representation of harvested power, this paper derives a more realistic electrical power representation based on a concise PTO modelling. This electrical power is used as the objective for PTO design optimization with energy maxi- mization control also taken into consideration to enable a more comprehensive design evaluation. A simple PI control structure speeds up the simultaneous co-optimization of control and PTO parameters, and an equivalent circuit model of the WEC not only streamlines power representation but also facilitates more insightful evaluation of the optimization results. The optimized PTO shows a large improvement in terms of power potential and actual power performance. It’s found the generator’s 

Past research has recognized culture and gender variation in the experience of emotion, yet this has not been examined on a level of effective connectivity. To determine culture and gender differences in effec-tive connectivity during emotional experiences, we applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to electro-encephalography (EEG) measures of brain activity obtained from Chinese and American participants while they watched emotion-evoking images. Relative to US participants, Chinese participants favored a model bearing a more integrated dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during fear v. neutral experiences. Meanwhile, relative to males, females favored a model bearing a less integrated dlPFC during fear v. neutral experiences. A culture-gender interaction for winning models was also observed; only US partici-pants showed an effect of gender, with US females favoring a model bearing a less integrated dlPFC compared to the other groups. These findings suggest that emotion and its neural correlates depend in part on the cultural background and gender of an individual. To our knowledge, this is also the first study to apply both DCM and EEG measures in examining culture-gender interaction and emotion. 

This chapter documents the primary shipboard procedures and methods employed by various operational and scientific groups during the offshore and the Onshore Science Party (OSP) phases of Expedition 386. Methods for postexpedition research conducted on Expedition 386 samples and data will be described in individual scientific contributions published after the expedition. 

During Expedition 386, one Giant Piston Corer (GPC) system deployment at this central study area of the northern Japan Trench (Basin N1) (Figure F1) resulted in the recovery of cores from two holes at Site M0086 (Figure F2). The water depth was 7502 meters below sea level (mbsl). A breakdown of operational time is reported weekly instead of daily (see OPS in Supplementary material) due to decisions to move between sites based on weather and current conditions. Holes at Sites M0086 were cored during Week 3 of the offshore phase. In total, 19.275 m of cores (Table T1) and 6.65 km of hydroacoustic profiles (see Hydroacoustics) were recovered and acquired in this focus area. An expendable bathythermograph (XBT) probe was deployed at Site M0086 on 2 May 2021 at 0715 h. Further operations details, including winch log and inclinometer information, are found for all sites in Coring methodology in the Expedition 386 methods chapter (Strasser et al., 2023a) and associated files (see PALEOMAG and WINCHLOGS in Supplementary material). 

During Expedition 386, two Giant Piston Corer (GPC) system deployments in the northern study area (Basin S3) of the southern Japan Trench (Figure F1) resulted in the recovery of cores from four holes at Site M0091 (Figure F2). The water depth was between 7802 and 7812 meters below sea level (mbsl). A breakdown of operational time is reported weekly instead of daily (see OPS in Supplementary material) due to decisions to move between sites based on weather and current conditions. Holes at Site M0091 were cored during Week 6 of the offshore phase. In total, 51.94 m of cores (Table T1) and 53.5 km of hydroacoustic profiles (see Hydroacoustics) were recovered and acquired, respectively, in the focus area. Further operations details, including winch log and inclinometer information, are found for all sites in Coring methodology in the Expedition 386 methods chapter (Strasser et al., 2023a) and associated files (see PALEOMAG and WINCHLOGS in Supplementary material). 

During Expedition 386, a total of three Giant Piston Corer (GPC) system deployments in Basin S2 in the central area of the southern Japan Trench (Figure F1) resulted in the recovery of cores from four holes at Site M0092 and two at Site M0095 (Figure F2). The water depth was between 7697 and 7702 meters below sea level (mbsl). A breakdown of operational time is reported weekly instead of daily (see OPS in Supplementary material) due to decisions to move between sites based on weather and current conditions. Holes at Sites M0092 and M0095 were acquired during Weeks 6 and 7 of the offshore phase. In total, 98 m of cores (Table T1) and 34 km of hydroacoustic profiles (see Hydroacoustics) were recovered and acquired, respectively, in this focus area. Further operations details, including winch log and inclinometer information, are found for all sites in Coring methodology in the Expedition 386 methods chapter (Strasser et al., 2023a) and associated files (see PALEOMAG and WINCHLOGS in Supplementary material). 

During Expedition 386, two Giant Piston Corer (GPC) system deployments in Basin C/N3 in the boundary area between the central and northern Japan Trench (Figure F1) resulted in the recovery of cores from four holes at Site M0087 (Figure F2). The water depth was between 7518 and 7520 meters below sea level (mbsl). A breakdown of operational time is reported weekly instead of daily (see OPS in Supplementary material) due to decisions to move between sites based on weather and current conditions. Holes at Site M0087 were cored during Weeks 3 and 6 of the offshore phase. In total, 47.63 m of cores (Table T1) and 69 km of hydroacoustic profiles (see Hydroacoustics) were recovered and acquired, respectively, in this focus area. In addition, one expendable bathythermograph (XBT) probe was deployed. Further operations details, including winch log and inclinometer information, are found for all sites in Coring methodology in the Expedition 386 methods chapter (Strasser et al., 2023a) and associated files (see PALEOMAG and WINCHLOGS in Supplementary material). 

During Expedition 386, two Giant Piston Corer (GPC) system deployments in central Japan Trench Basin C1 (Figure F1) resulted in the recovery of cores from four holes at Site M0090 (Figure F2). The water depth was between 7445 and 7450 meters below sea level (mbsl). A breakdown of operational time is reported weekly instead of daily (see OPS in Supplementary material) due to decisions to move between sites based on weather and current conditions. Holes at Site M0090 were cored during Weeks 6 and 7 of the offshore phase. In total, 55.764 m of cores (Table T1) and 6.8 km of hydroacoustic profiles (see Hydroacoustics) were recovered and acquired, respectively, in this focus area. Further operations details, including winch log and inclinometer information, are found for all sites in Coring methodology in the Expedition 386 methods chapter (Strasser et al., 2023a) and associated files (see PALEOMAG and WINCHLOGS in Supplementary material). 

During Expedition 386, a total of five Giant Piston Corer (GPC) system deployments in the central Japan Trench (Basin C2; Figure F1) resulted in the recovery of cores from six holes at Site M0083 and four at Site M0089 (Figure F2). The water depth ranged 7602–7626 meters below sea level (mbsl). A breakdown of operational time is reported weekly instead of daily (see OPS in Supplementary material) due to decisions to move between sites based on weather and current conditions. Sites M0083 and M0089 were cored during Weeks 2–4 of the offshore phase. In this focus area, a total of 154 m of cores (Table T1) were recovered. In addition, 121 km of hydroacoustic profiles (see Hydroacoustics) were acquired. Further operations details, including winch log and inclinometer information for all sites, are found in Coring methodology in the Expedition 386 methods chapter (Strasser, 2023a) and associated files (see PALEOMAG and WINCHLOGS in Supplementary material).