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  3. The lifestyles of urban dwellers could reveal important insights regarding the dynamics and complexity of cities. The availability of human movement data captured from cell phones enables characterization of distinct and recurrent human daily visitation patterns. Despite growing research on analysis of lifestyle patterns in cities, little is known about the characteristics of people’s lifestyle patterns at urban scale. This limitation is primarily due to challenges in restriction of human movement data to protect the privacy of users. To address this gap, this study constructed networks of places to model cities based on location-based human visitation data. We examined the motifs in the networks of places to map and characterize lifestyle patterns at urban scale. The results show that (1) people’s lifestyles in cities can be well depicted and quantified based on distribution and attributes of motifs in networks of places; (2) motifs show stability in quantity and distance as well as periodicity on weekends and weekdays indicating the stability of lifestyle patterns in cities; (3) networks of places and lifestyle patterns show similarities across different metropolitan areas implying the universality of lifestyle signatures across cities; (4) lifestyles represented by attributed motifs are spatially heterogeneous suggesting variations of lifestyle patterns within different population groups based on where they live in a city. The findings provide deeper insights into urban lifestyle signatures and significant implications for data-informed urban planning and management.

     
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  4. Abstract We present room-temperature measurements of magnon spin diffusion in epitaxial ferrimagnetic insulator MgAl 0.5 Fe 1.5 O 4 (MAFO) thin films near zero applied magnetic field where the sample forms a multi-domain state. Due to a weak uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, the domains are separated primarily by 180° domain walls. We find, surprisingly, that the presence of the domain walls has very little effect on the spin diffusion – nonlocal spin transport signals in the multi-domain state retain at least 95% of the maximum signal strength measured for the spatially-uniform magnetic state, over distances at least five times the typical domain size. This result is in conflict with simple models of interactions between magnons and static domain walls, which predict that the spin polarization carried by the magnons reverses upon passage through a 180° domain wall. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2024
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  6. Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the processes that limit restoration success. By synthesizing terrestrial and aquatic studies globally (2594 experimental tests from 610 articles), we reveal substantial herbivore control of vegetation under restoration. Herbivores at restoration sites reduced vegetation abundance more strongly (by 89%, on average) than those at relatively undegraded sites and suppressed, rather than fostered, plant diversity. These effects were particularly pronounced in regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation. Excluding targeted herbivores temporarily or introducing their predators improved restoration by magnitudes similar to or greater than those achieved by managing plant competition or facilitation. Thus, managing herbivory is a promising strategy for enhancing vegetation restoration efforts.

     
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 3, 2024