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  1. Geostationary satellite reveals the asymmetrical impact of heatwaves on plant diurnal photosynthesis at the continental scale. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available August 4, 2024
  2. Free, publicly-accessible full text available August 1, 2024
  3. Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 1, 2024
  4. Abstract Historically, humans have cleared many forests for agriculture. While this substantially reduced ecosystem carbon storage, the impacts of these land cover changes on terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) have not been adequately resolved yet. Here, we combine high-resolution datasets of satellite-derived GPP and environmental predictor variables to estimate the potential GPP of forests, grasslands, and croplands around the globe. With a mean GPP of 2.0 kg C m −2  yr −1 forests represent the most productive land cover on two thirds of the total area suitable for any of these land cover types, while grasslands and croplands on average reach 1.5 and 1.8 kg C m −2  yr −1 , respectively. Combining our potential GPP maps with a historical land-use reconstruction indicates a 4.4% reduction in global GPP from agricultural expansion. This land-use-induced GPP reduction is amplified in some future scenarios as a result of ongoing deforestation (e.g., the large-scale bioenergy scenario SSP4-3.4) but partly reversed in other scenarios (e.g., the sustainability scenario SSP1-1.9) due to agricultural abandonment. Comparing our results to simulations from state-of-the-art Earth System Models, we find that all investigated models deviate substantially from our estimates and from each other. Our maps could be used as a benchmark to reduce this inconsistency, thereby improving projections of land-based climate mitigation potentials. 
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  5. Abstract

    A new concentrated ternary salt ether‐based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery (LMB) cells with high‐mass‐loading (13.8 mg cm−2, 2.5 mAh cm−2) NMC622 (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) cathodes and 50 μm Li anodes. Termed “CETHER‐3,” this electrolyte is based on LiTFSI, LiDFOB, and LiBF4with 5 vol% fluorinated ethylene carbonate in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane. Commercial carbonate and state‐of‐the‐art binary salt ether electrolytes were also tested as baselines. With CETHER‐3, the electrochemical performance of the full‐cell battery is among the most favorably reported in terms of high‐voltage cycling stability. For example, LiNixMnyCo1–xyO2(NMC)‐Li metal cells retain 80% capacity at 430 cycles with a 4.4 V cut‐off and 83% capacity at 100 cycles with a 4.5 V cut‐off (charge at C/5, discharge at C/2). According to simulation by density functional theory and molecular dynamics, this favorable performance is an outcome of enhanced coordination between Li+and the solvent/salt molecules. Combining advanced microscopy (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and surface science (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time‐of‐fight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy), it is demonstrated that a thinner and more stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are formed. The CEI is rich in lithium sulfide (Li2SO3), while the SEI is rich in Li3N and LiF. During cycling, the CEI/SEI suppresses both the deleterious transformation of the cathode R‐3m layered near‐surface structure into disordered rock salt and the growth of lithium metal dendrites.

     
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  6. Abstract

    Solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) shows enormous promise as a proxy for photosynthesis and as a tool for modeling variability in gross primary productivity and net biosphere exchange (NBE). In this study, we explore the skill of SIF and other vegetation indicators in predicting variability in global atmospheric CO2observations, and thus global variability in NBE. We do so using a 4‐year record of CO2observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 satellite and using a geostatistical inverse model. We find that existing SIF products closely correlate with space‐time variability in atmospheric CO2observations, particularly in the extratropics. In the extratropics, all SIF products exhibit greater skill in explaining variability in atmospheric CO2observations compared to an ensemble of process‐based CO2flux models and other vegetation indicators. With that said, other vegetation indicators, when multiplied by photosynthetically active radiation, yield similar results as SIF and may therefore be an effective structural SIF proxy at regional to global spatial scales. Furthermore, we find that using SIF as a predictor variable in the geostatistical inverse model shifts the seasonal cycle of estimated NBE and yields an earlier end to the growing season relative to other vegetation indicators. These results highlight how SIF can help constrain global‐scale variability in NBE.

     
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