Abstract Paper-based electrochemical sensors provide the opportunity for low-cost, portable and environmentally friendly single-use chemical analysis and there are various reports of surface-functionalized paper electrodes. Here we report a composite paper electrode that is fabricated through designed papermaking using cellulose, carbon fibers (CF), and graphene oxide (GO). The composite paper has well-controlled structure, stable, and repeatable properties, and offers the electrocatalytic activities for sensitive and selective chemical detection. We demonstrate that this CF/GO/cellulose composite paper can be reduced electrochemically using relatively mild conditions and this GO reduction confers electrocatalytic properties to the composite paper. Finally, we demonstrate that this composite paper offers sensing performance (sensitivity and selectivity) comparable to, or better than, paper-based sensors prepared by small-batch surface-modification (e.g., printing) methods. We envision this coupling of industrialized papermaking technologies with interfacial engineering and electrochemical reduction can provide a platform for single-use and portable chemical detection for a wide range of applications.
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Due to the high capacity of the three‐electron redox mechanism, Al‐ions‐based energy‐storage devices have the potential to provide a viable solution to meet the growing demand for powering electronic products. However, discovering suitable electrode materials for reversible insertion of Al ions remains a difficult task. Herein, it is reported that a classical conductive polymeric material poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) can perform the reversible Al‐ions intercalation for aqueous electrochemical capacitors. The as‐prepared PEDOT:PSS film on a carbon cloth composite electrode exhibits a large magnitude of faradaic currents and sharp redox peaks in cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves in aluminum sulfate electrolyte, and delivers a high capacitance of 269 F g−1(78 mAh g−1). Diffusion‐controlled Al‐ions intercalation/deintercalation as the charge‐storage mechanism is demonstrated here, which is not observed in other ions‐based electrolytes (H+, Mg2+, Li+, Na+). An asymmetric electrochemical capacitor based on Al ions, composed of such an electrode and activated carbon electrode is assembled and displays a high energy density of 41.6 Wh kg−1at a power density of 0.24 kW kg−1, demonstrating a promising aqueous electrochemical capacitor with an advanced energy density via polyvalent ions intercalation.
