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  1. Free, publicly-accessible full text available August 9, 2024
  2. null (Ed.)
    Regioselectivity in colloidal self-assembly typically requires specific chemical interactions to guide particle binding. In this paper, we describe a new method to form selective colloidal bonds that relies solely on polymer adsorption. Mixtures of polymer-coated and bare particles are initially stable due to long-ranged electrostatic repulsion. When their charge is screened, the two species can approach each other close enough for polymer bridges to form, binding the particles together. By utilizing colloidal dumbbells, where each lobe is coated with polymer brushes of differing lengths, we demonstrate that the Debye screening length serves as a selective switch for the assembly of bare tracer particles onto the two lobes. We model the interaction using numerical self-consistent field lattice computations and show how regioselectivity arises from just a few nanometers difference in polymer brush length. 
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  3. Abstract

    While a stimulating effect of plant primary productivity on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has been well documented, links between gross primary productivity (GPP) and wetland methane (CH4) emissions are less well investigated. Determination of the influence of primary productivity on wetland CH4emissions (FCH4) is complicated by confounding influences of water table level and temperature on CH4production, which also vary seasonally. Here, we evaluate the link between preceding GPP and subsequent FCH4at two fens in Wisconsin using eddy covariance flux towers, Lost Creek (US‐Los) and Allequash Creek (US‐ALQ). Both wetlands are mosaics of forested and shrub wetlands, with US‐Los being larger in scale and having a more open canopy. Co‐located sites with multi‐year observations of flux, hydrology, and meteorology provide an opportunity to measure and compare lag effects on FCH4without interference due to differing climate. Daily average FCH4from US‐Los reached a maximum of 47.7 ηmol CH4m−2 s−1during the study period, while US‐ALQ was more than double at 117.9 ηmol CH4 m−2 s−1. The lagged influence of GPP on temperature‐normalized FCH4(Tair‐FCH4) was weaker and more delayed in a year with anomalously high precipitation than a following drier year at both sites. FCH4at US‐ALQ was lower coincident with higher stream discharge in the wet year (2019), potentially due to soil gas flushing during high precipitation events and lower water temperatures. Better understanding of the lagged influence of GPP on FCH4due to this study has implications for climate modeling and more accurate carbon budgeting.

     
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  4. Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2024
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  7. Abstract

    A description is presented of the algorithms used to reconstruct energy deposited in the CMS hadron calorimeter during Run 2 (2015–2018) of the LHC. During Run 2, the characteristic bunch-crossing spacing for proton-proton collisions was 25 ns, which resulted in overlapping signals from adjacent crossings. The energy corresponding to a particular bunch crossing of interest is estimated using the known pulse shapes of energy depositions in the calorimeter, which are measured as functions of both energy and time. A variety of algorithms were developed to mitigate the effects of adjacent bunch crossings on local energy reconstruction in the hadron calorimeter in Run 2, and their performance is compared.

     
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 1, 2024
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