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Abstract A model for tropical cyclone (TC) potential size (PS), which is capable of predicting the equilibrium outer radius of a TC solely from environmental parameters, is proposed. The model combines an updated Carnot cycle model with a physical model for the wind profile, which serve as energetic and dynamic constraints, respectively, on the minimum pressure. Physically, the Carnot cycle model defines how much the surface pressure can be dropped energetically, and the wind profile model defines how large the steady-state storm needs to be to yield that pressure drop for a given maximum wind speed. The model yields an intrinsic length scale V Carnot / f , with f the Coriolis parameter, V Carnot similar to the potential intensity V p , but without a dependence on the surface exchange coefficients of enthalpy C k and momentum C d . Analytic tests with the theory varying outflow temperature, sea surface temperature (SST), and f demonstrate that the model predictions are qualitatively consistent with the V p / f scaling for outer size found in past work. The model also predicts a weak dependence of outer size on C d , C k , and horizontal mixing length l h of turbulence, consistent with numerical simulation results. Idealized numerical simulation experiments with varied tropopause temperature, SST, f , C d , C k , and l h show that the model performs well in predicting the simulated outer radius. The V Carnot / f scaling also better captures the dependence of simulated TC size on SST than V p / f . Overall, the model appears to capture the essential physics that determine equilibrium TC size on the f plane. 

High-temperature poling eliminates light-scattering domain walls in a relaxor ferroelectric.