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  4. Based on observations of preserved samples, Jaramillo-Londoño & Pinto-Coelho (2010) describe a putative ecological relationship between the rotifer Hexarthra intermedia and the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris as a fusion of parasitism and interference competition. They argue that H. intermedia enter the filtering chamber of B. longirostris allowing the rotifer to exploit food collected by Bosmina, while simultaneously receiving protection from predators. In addition, they surmise that the result of this interaction can lead to death of Bosmina. We posit two simpler explanations for their observations. (1) Presence of H. intermedia in the cladoceran’s filtering chamber is an artifact of the collection methods. (2) Statistical correlations between the population levels of these two species simply means that the environment was suitable for their growth. Thus until additional evidence corroborates their findings, the simpler explanations should prevail. 
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    Although the most widely used key to the Rotifera subsumes six species of the sessile genus Limnias within two species groups (L. ceratophylli and L. melicerta), the original descriptions of these forms are sufficiently different to recognize them as distinct entities. We used these descriptions and all available literature on these species to develop dichotomous and formula keys to the six species based on easily recognizable morphological characters. As part of our review we added relevant ecological information from published sources, as well as our own data. We also discuss the need for additional observations of morphological, behavioral, life history, and genetic features to better understand the diversity of this widespread genus. 
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