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This study examines the acoustic realizations of American English intervocalic flaps in the TIMIT corpus, using the landmark-critical feature-cue-based framework. Three different acoustic patterns of flaps are described: (i) both closure and release landmarks present, (ii) only the closure landmark present, and (iii) both landmarks deleted. The patterns occur consistently across several phonological and morphological conditions but vary with sociolinguistic factors, including speaker dialect and gender. This method of analysing speech at the level of acoustic landmarks and other individual cues to distinctive features contributes to a deeper understanding of how speakers and listeners employ systematic variation in phonetic detail in speech processing.
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Acoustic cues are characteristic patterns in the speech signal that provide lexical, prosodic, or additional information, such as speaker identity. In particular, acoustic cues related to linguistic distinctive features can be extracted and marked from the speech signal. These acoustic cues can be used to infer the intended underlying phoneme sequence in an utterance. This study describes a framework for labeling acoustic cues in speech, including a suite of canonical cue prediction algorithms that facilitates manual labeling and provides a standard for analyzing variations in the surface realizations. A brief examination of subsets of annotated speech data shows that labeling acoustic cues opens the possibility of detailed analyses of cue modification patterns in speech.more » « less
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