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The Arctic is rapidly warming and has transitioned to thinner sea ice which fractures, producing leads. Sea ice loss is expected to be increasing sea spray aerosol production in the High Arctic. Few studies have investigated Arctic sea spray aerosol (SSA) produced from open ocean, leads, and melt ponds, characterized by varied salinity, microbial community, and organic composition. The concentrations, size distributions, single-particle composition, and ice-nucleating activity of the SSA experimentally-generated were measured and compared to the chemical and biological properties of the surface waters. A marine aerosol reference tank (MART) was deployed aboard the Swedish Icebreaker Oden to the high Arctic Ocean during August – September 2018 to study SSA generated from locally-collected surface water. Surface water salinity, chlorophyll-a, organic carbon, nitrogen, and microbial community composition (18s and 16s DNA-derived, flow cytometry of nano- and picoplankton) data are submitted. Experimental aerosol data submitted include type, size, mole ratio, Raman spectra, Raman type, and ice nucleating particles. High resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) data for surface water and experimentally-generated aerosol dissolved organic matter are included .