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The purpose of this investigation is to gain a better understanding of the drivers and barriers of success for HBCU researcher submitting STEM proposals to NSF. Grants and contracts are essential for an institution’s long-term viability; reducing tuition dependence and providing important funding for research, services and programs. However, in 2014, HBCUs accounted for only 0.8 percent of all funds allocated to all institutions of higher education for Research and Development. This investigation used organizational learning theory and focus group research to understand the process through which HBCUs acquire knowledge and translate knowledge into dynamic capabilities to prepare successful proposals to NSF. After analyzing the focus group content, the 5 big ideas related to grant funding success were: develop relationships; take advantage of opportunities, learn as much as you can, change personal mindset, and change institutional culture. Recommendations, based on the results, to overcome barriers to successful proposal submission among HBCUs are provided.