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The Android mobile platform supports billions of devices across more than 190 countries around the world. This popularity coupled with user data collection by Android apps has made privacy protection a well-known challenge in the Android ecosystem. In practice, app producers provide privacy policies disclosing what information is collected and processed by the app. However, it is difficult to trace such claims to the corresponding app code to verify whether the implementation is consistent with the policy. Existing approaches for privacy policy alignment focus on information directly accessed through the Android platform (e.g., location and device ID), but are unable to handle user input, a major source of private information. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that automatically detects privacy leaks of user-entered data for a given Android app and determines whether such leakage may violate the app's privacy policy claims. For evaluation, we applied our approach to 120 popular apps from three privacy-relevant app categories: finance, health, and dating. The results show that our approach was able to detect 21 strong violations and 18 weak violations from the studied apps. 

Android mobile applications collect information in various ways to provide users with functionalities and services. An Android app's permission manifest and privacy policy are documents that provide users with guidelines about what information type is being collected. However, the information types mentioned in these files are often abstract and does not include the fine grained information types being collected through user input fields in applications. Existing approaches focus on API calls in the application code and are able to reveal what information types are being collected. However, they are unable to identify the information types based on direct user input as a major source of private information. In this paper, we propose to direct apply natural language processing approach to Android layout code to identify information types associated with input fields in applications.