Compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of individual amino acids (CSIA‐AA) has emerged as a transformative approach to estimate consumer trophic positions (TPCSIA) that are internally indexed to primary producer nitrogen isotope baselines. Central to accurate TPCSIAestimation is an understanding of beta ( This meta‐analysis fulfils a pressing need to comprehensively evaluate relevant sources of We show that variation in Our results highlight that primary producer
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Abstract β ) values—the differences between trophic and source AA δ15N values in the primary producers at the base of a consumers’ food web. Growing evidence suggests higher taxonomic and tissue‐specificβ value variability than typically appreciated.β value variability and its contribution to TPCSIAuncertainty. We first synthesized all published primary producer AA δ15N data to investigate ecologically relevant sources of variability (e.g. taxonomy, tissue type, habitat type, mode of photosynthesis). We then reviewed the biogeochemical mechanisms underpinning AA δ15N andβ value variability. Lastly, we evaluated the sensitivity of TPCSIAestimates to uncertainty in meanβ Glx‐Phevalues and Glx‐Phe trophic discrimination factors (TDFGlx‐Phe).β Glx‐Phevalues is two times greater than previously considered, with degree of vascularization, not habitat type (terrestrial vs. aquatic), providing the greatest source of variability (vascular autotroph = −6.6 ± 3.4‰; non‐vascular autotroph = +3.3 ± 1.8‰). Within vascular plants, tissue type secondarily contributed toβ Glx‐Phevalue variability, but we found no clear distinction among C3, C4and CAM plantβ Glx‐Phevalues. Notably, we found that vascular plantβ Glx‐Lysvalues (+2.5 ± 1.6‰) are considerably less variable thanβ Glx‐Phevalues, making Lys a useful AA tracer of primary production sources in terrestrial systems. Our multi‐trophic level sensitivity analyses demonstrate that TPCSIAestimates are highly sensitive to changes in bothβ Glx‐Pheand TDFGlx‐Phevalues but that the relative influence ofβ values dissipates at higher trophic levels.β values are integral to accurate trophic position estimation. We outline four key recommendations for identifying, constraining and accounting forβ value variability to improve TPCSIAestimation accuracy and precision moving forward. We must ultimately expand libraries of primary producer AA δ15N values to better understand the mechanistic drivers ofβ value variation.