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  1. The structure of power flows in transmission grids is evolving and is likelyto change significantly in the coming years due to the rapid growth ofrenewable energy generation that introduces randomness and bidirectionalpower flows. Another transformative aspect is the increasing penetrationof various smart-meter technologies. Inexpensive measurement devicescan be placed at practically any component of the grid. Using modeldata reflecting smart-meter measurements,we propose a two-stage procedure for detecting a fault in a regional powergrid. In the first stage, a fault is detected in real time. In the second stage,the faulted line is identified with a negligible delay. The approach uses onlythe voltage modulus measured at buses (nodes of the grid) as the input.Our method does not require prior knowledge of thefault type. The method is fully implemented inĀ  R.Pseudo code and complete mathematical formulas are provided. 
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  2. The optimal power flow (OPF) problem plays an important role in power system operation and control. The problem is nonconvex and NP-hard, hence global optimality is not guaranteed and the complexity grows exponentially with the size of the system. Therefore, centralized optimization techniques are not suitable for large-scale systems and an efficient decomposed implementation of OPF is highly demanded. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method to decompose the entire system into multiple sub-systems based on automatic regionalization and acquire the OPF solution across sub-systems via a modified MATPOWER solver. The proposed method is implemented in a modified solver and tested on several IEEE Power System Test Cases. The performance is shown to be more appealing compared with the original solver. 
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