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Despite the broader acknowledgement of shared responsibilities in emergency management, one of the hidden and overlooked issues in disaster literature is the integration of multi-sector stakeholder values: the things that are of importance to the stakeholders (e.g., safety, profit, electability). Stakeholders (e.g., different levels of government, the private sector, the non-profit sector, and the communities) hold numerous values with varying degrees of importance, forming a system of value priorities. Stakeholder values and value priorities—referred to as value systems—are not static in a disaster context; they are dynamic, time-sensitive, and event-driven. A more in-depth understanding of the dynamics of stakeholder value systems is surely needed to allow policy-makers to introduce more pro-active and timely measures towards more resilient communities. To address this need, this paper focuses on identifying and understanding the stakeholder values in the context of Hurricane Michael. Semi-structured interviews (n=24 with 30 interviewees) were conducted to understand what public and private stakeholders value in different phases of Hurricane Michael. Based on the interview results, ten stakeholder values were identified: safety, resource efficiency, natural resource preservation, culture preservation, community growth, community adaptability, community cohesion, social welfare improvement, personal achievement, and business development. This study advances the knowledge in the area of disasters by empirically investigating public and private stakeholder values across different phases of the disaster. Such knowledge will help practitioners implement disaster resilience strategies in a way that accounts for diverse stakeholder needs and priorities, thus facilitating human-centered decision making towards building more resilient communities. 

The 2030 Global Sustainable Development Agenda of United Nations highlighted the critical importance of understanding the integrated nature between enhancing infrastructure resilience and facilitating social equity. Social equity is defined as equal opportunities provided to different people by infrastructure. It addresses disparities and unequal distribution of goods, services, and amenities. Infrastructure resilience is defined as the ability of infrastructure to withstand, adapt, and quickly recover from disasters. Existing research shows that infrastructure resilience and social equity are closely related to each other. However, there is a lack of research that explicitly understands the complex relationships between infrastructure resilience and social equity. To address this gap, this study aims to examine such interrelationships using social media data. Social media data is increasingly being used by researchers and proven to be a reliable source of valuable information for understanding human activities and behaviors in a disaster setting. The spatiotemporal distribution of disaster-related messages helps with real-time and quick assessment of the impact of disasters on infrastructure and human society across different regions. Using social media data also offers the advantages of saving time and cost, compared to other traditional data collection methods. As a first step of this study, this paper presents our work on collecting and analyzing the Twitter activities during 2018 Hurricane Michael in disaster-affected counties of Florida Panhandle area. The collected Twitter data was organized based on the geolocations of affected counties and was compared against the infrastructure resilience and social equity data of the affected counties. The results of the analysis indicate that (1) Twitter activities can be used as an important indicator of infrastructure resilience conditions, (2) socially vulnerable populations are not as active as general populations on social media in a disaster setting, and (3) vulnerable populations require a longer time for disaster recovery.