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ABSTRACT Anisophylly is a peculiar leaf trait in some opposite‐leaved taxa where opposing leaves are distinctly unequal. This study uses an expert‐curated specimen dataset to explore relationships of canopy cover and climate with the presence and intraspecific variation of anisophylly in the genusTriolena.Canopy and climate conditions are investigated between species and within a single species through beta regression models. No relationship was found between canopy cover and anisophylly. However, anisophylly is associated with conditions of high precipitation and high isothermality, which is evident acrossTriolenaand within a single species. In addition, partitioned ecoregion analyses illustrate that different types of anisophyllous leaf states occur in distinct ranges of precipitation and isothermality. Results suggest that anisophylly is associated with climate inTriolena. 

Summary A new species ofTriolena,endemic to Colón Province, Panama, is described and illustrated. The specimens of this taxon were previously identified asTriolena lanceolata, but closer inspection has shown them to be morphologically and geographically distinct.Triolena anisophyllaK.Samra & Michelang. grows on rocks and tree trunks along rivers in Colón Province. This species is distinguishable by its strongly anisophyllous leaves and unique trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaves. A complete description, distribution map, preliminary conservation assessment, taxonomic notes, and regional key are provided. 

Abstract PremiseA probe set was previously designed to target 384 nuclear loci in the Melastomataceae family; however, when trying to use it, we encountered several practical and conceptual problems, such as the presence of sequences in reverse complement, intronic regions with stop codons, and other issues. This raised concerns regarding the use of this probe set for sequence recovery in Melastomataceae. MethodsIn order to correct these issues, we cleaned the Melastomataceae probe set, extended it with additional sequences, and compared its performance with the original version. ResultsThe final probe set targets 396 putative nuclear loci represented by 6009 template sequences. The probe set has been made available, along with details on the cleaning process, for reproducibility. We show that the new probe set performs better than the original version in terms of sequence recovery. DiscussionThis updated, extended, and cleaned probe set will improve the availability of phylogenomic resources across the Melastomataceae family. It is fully compatible with sequence recovery and extraction pipelines. The cleaning process can also be applied to any plant‐targeting probe set that would need to be cleaned or updated if new genomic resources for the targeted taxa become available. 

Abstract The Greater Antilles are renowned as a biodiversity hotspot and known to be geologically complex, which has led, in part, to the generation of organismal diversity in this area. One of the most species-rich montane groups within the Greater Antilles is the tribe Miconieae (Miconia s.l.) of the Melastomataceae, with ca. 325 species found there. The most diverse clade of Miconia in the Caribbean, the Caribbean clade, composes roughly half of that diversity, with an estimated 160 species, nearly all of which are endemic to the Greater Antilles. It is unclear how that diversity has been generated through time or where it originated, but we now have sufficiently well-sampled and robust datasets to test these patterns. Using a custom-built plastome dataset, we generated a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for 106 of the 160 Caribbean clade members and tested biogeographical patterns among the islands. Our results suggest that the Caribbean clade originated in the mid-Miocene, probably from a South American ancestor, and diversified substantially on the island of Cuba before repeatedly dispersing across other parts of the Greater Antilles, especially into nearby Hispaniola and then, to a lesser extent, into Jamaica, Puerto Rico and, finally, into the Lesser Antilles. 

This study elucidates the poorly known phenomenon of bulbil formation observed in three species ofSonerilaviz.,Sonerila tenella,S. ponmudianaandS. nairii.These bulbils represent clusters of 5–20 fleshy scales, developing adventitiously from roots or lower stem nodes, connected by a common stalk or immature stem, and predominantly occurring during early winter when plants are in fruiting or late flowering stages. Initially, these scales are white or vinaceous, but later turn into green, ciliate structures resembling leaves. The bulbils undergo rapid growth into independent plantlets, typically within a few weeks, with clusters up to 10 cm from the parent individual. While commonly associated with vivipary,Sonerilabulbils differ by their developmental origin and lack of connection to reproductive structures. Instead, their occurrence may contribute significantly to short‐distance dispersal and population persistence in fragmented habitats. This study generates hypotheses on the ecological significance of dispersal mechanisms in response to environmental heterogeneity, highlighting the unique adaptive features ofSonerilabulbil formation within the broader context of plant reproductive strategies. 

During the development of the taxonomic treatment of Ernestia we came across a taxonomic novelty and a species for which taxonomic verification was needed from Colombia. Herein, we propose Ernestia rheophytica a new species belonging to the sensu stricto clade of the genus, and clarify the identity of Acisanthera goudotii, now treated as E. goudotii. We also clarify the status of the original material of E. goudotii and propose the lectotypification of E. ovata and its synonymization under E. goudotii. Ernestia rheophytica, as the name indicates, is a rheophytic species, a rare habit in Melastomataceae, especially in Marcetieae.