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ABSTRACT Engaging students in hands-on activities and providing out-of-school experiences have been shown to improve academic performance and spark interest in science. Our interdisciplinary team developed a workshop for middle and high school students as part of a summer program at a Hispanic-serving institution in southern New Mexico. The goal was to foster interest and readiness for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers and college entry. The workshop introduced students to viscoelasticity, a key concept in biophysics that describes the mechanical behavior of biological tissues, which is vital for understanding their structural and functional properties under various physical forces and conditions. The curriculum included a presentation, a discussion linking mechanical properties with biology, and hands-on experiments that demonstrated viscoelastic principles. Pre- and postworkshop surveys assessed students’ experiences and understanding of the material. Analysis revealed that students could relate the concepts to their daily lives, gained a basic understanding of mechanical properties, and found at least one experiment enjoyable and interesting. 

Mechanical properties are essential for the biological activities of cells, and they have been shown to be affected by diseases. Therefore, accurate mechanical characterization is important for studying the cell lifecycle, cell-cell interactions, and disease diagnosis. While the cytoskeleton and actin cortex are typically the primary structural stiffness contributors in most live cells, oocytes possess an additional extracellular layer known as the vitelline membrane (VM), or envelope, which can significantly impact their overall mechanical properties. In this study, we utilized nanoindentation via an atomic force microscope to measure the Young's modulus of Xenopus laevis oocytes at different force setpoints and explored the influence of the VM by conducting measurements on oocytes with the membrane removed. The findings revealed that the removal of VM led to a significant decrease in the apparent Young's modulus of the oocytes, highlighting the pivotal role of the VM as the main structural component responsible for the oocyte's shape and stiffness. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of VM was investigated through finite element (FE) simulations of the nanoindentation process. FE simulations with the VM Young's modulus in the range 20–60 MPa resulted in force-displacement curves that closely resemble experimental in terms of shape and maximum force for a given indentation depth.