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Abstract PurposeTo develop a localized delivery implant by integrating doxorubicin loaded spanlastic vesicles within Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) printed alginate constructs. MethodsSpanlastics composed of Sorbitan Monostearate (Span60) and an edge activator, Polyethylene sorbitol ester (Tween 80), were prepared by ethanolic injection. Plain and drug-loaded spanlastics were characterized for their physicochemical properties. Vesicles were incorporated into 3D printed sodium alginate hydrogels in ‘FRESH’ bioprinting process to promote the sustained drug release of doxorubicin which was assessed using dialysis membrane for drug release.In vitrouptake and cytotoxicity were evaluated in MCF7 breast cancer cells. ResultsOptimized formulations produced vesicles of approximately 200 to 300 nm with moderate encapsulation efficiency (33 to 44%) and stability during hydrogel incorporation and printing. Printed depots provided sustained doxorubicin release relative to suspension and reduced MCF7 viability, with preferential intracellular and nuclear localization consistent with doxorubicin activity. ConclusionSpanlastic-loaded FRESH printed alginate implants combine vesicle-mediated cellular delivery with matrix-governed sustained release, supporting their potential as a localized chemotherapy depot for furtherin vivovalidation. 

Abstract Supercritical Impregnation methods are becoming popular in the development of food packaging materials. Bulk functional improvements of cellulose substrates using this method may be influenced by interfacial interactions between the impregnated solutes and cellulose. Hence, an interfacial adsorption kinetics study of solute molecules onto the substrate can provide insight on bulk property development, leading to an optimized packaging material with improved functionality. Paper substrates were impregnated with two food-grade waxes: Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) and Carnauba Wax (CW). Hydrophobic development was monitored over a 3-week period. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) was used to determine interfacial characteristics and behavior of each wax with cellulose, and adsorption kinetics were quantified to compare the mass transfer processes of each wax at the interface. AKD significantly contributed to the substrate’s hydrophobic development over time. CW generated mildly hydrophobic substrates only when heated. AKD strongly adhered to the cellulose fibers at the interface, and demonstrated a 3-stage kinetic adsorption process, tentatively assigned (i) diffusion through the solvent; (ii) diffusion through the substrate; and (iii) attachment onto the fibers. CW readily washed off the cellulose surface, demonstrating only the first adsorption process. The different chemical structures also impacted these behaviors, as did concentration and temperature. Graphical Abstract 

We explore the mechanism behindin situred blood cell hitchhiking by ionic liquid-coated nanoparticles, which can be leveraged for targeted drug delivery.