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Lead (Pb) has been used in human civilization for centuries, but the quantity and source of Pb pollution released into the environment varies spatially and temporally. Ice cores and snowpits are an excellent record of past Pb use. 

This dataset is a collection of known global natural and anthropogenic Pb isotope sources. The key application is to identify potential Pb sources and source evolution in paleoclimate data, including ice cores and sediment cores. To make the Pb isotope data from known sources FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable; Wilkinson et al., 2016), these published Pb isotope data have been compiled and transferred into a uniform layout. The dataset includes a numerous natural and anthropogenic source types and locations to be applicable to a wide variety of research applications. The ore data is largely drawn from the GlobaLID – Global Lead Isotope Database, Version 08/2025 (Westner et al., 2023), but also incorporates additional sources. Westner, Katrin J.; Rose, Thomas; Klein, Sabine; Hsu, Yiu-Kang; Becerra, María Florencia; Nezafati, Nima; Renson, Virginie; Stephens, Jay (2023): GlobaLID – Global Lead Isotope Database (Version 08/2025). GFZ Data Services. 

{"Abstract":["Two parallel surface-to-bedrock ice cores (DEN-13A and DEN-13B) were drilled from the Begguya summit plateau in Denali National Park, Alaska (62.93 N 151.083 W, 3912 m asl; also known as Mount Hunter), during the summer of 2013. The summit of Begguya has a high accumulation rate and low melt rate, making it an ideal site to recover intact paleoclimate records. DEN-13A and DEN-13B, which reach depths of ~210 meters, respectively, cover at least 10,000 years (Fang et al., 2023). Shallow cores were drilled in the summers of 2019 (DEN-19A; 50 meters) and 2022 (DEN-22A; 20 meters) extend the paleoclimate record at this site through 2022. Together, these four ice cores are commonly referred to as the Denali Ice Core record or the Begguya summit plateau ice core record. A robust chronology has been developed using a combination of techniques including annual layer counting, sulfate peaks (volcanics), radiocarbon dating and the 1963 atmospheric nuclear weapons testing horizon (Fang et al., 2023). Here, we report aqueous ICP-MS elemental concentrations and Pb isotope ratio data for the top ~1,200 years (800 to 2022 CE) of the Begguya summit plateau ice core record."],"Other":["Fang, L., Jenk, T. M., Winski, D. A., Kreutz, K. J., Brooks, H. L., Erwin, E., Osterberg, E. C., Campbell, S. W., Wake, C. P., Schwikowski, M, (2023), "Early Holocene ice on the Begguya plateau (Mt. Hunter, Alaska) revealed by ice core 14 C age constraints." The Cryosphere, 17(9):4007-4020; Osterberg, E. C., Winski, D. A., Kreutz, K. J., Wake, C. P., Ferris, D. G., Campbell, S. W., Introne, D. S., Handley, M. J., Birkel, S. D., (2017), "The 1200 year composite ice core record of Aleutian Low intensification." Geophysical Research Letters, 44(14):7447-7454."]}