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Abstract Besides freshwater ecosystems such as lakes and rivers, estuaries and coastal regions are crucial to the global distribution of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the ocean and their impacts and transport throughout the food web. This review includes a comprehensive assessment of the concentration and distribution of legacy and emerging PFAS compounds in living species, such as plants and aquatic creatures, as well as in abiotic components, such as surface water and sediment within estuarine ecosystems. This paper also explores the temporal and seasonal patterns of PFAS emissions, as well as the fate of both long‐ and short‐chain PFAS compounds. Furthermore, it discusses the partitioning behavior, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of PFAS in estuarine environments. PFAS are widespread in estuary sediment and surface water, and sediments continue to serve as a significant reservoir for these substances. The temporal trend suggests that the introduction of legislation and the gradual phaseout of some PFAS groups may have led to a decrease in their concentration levels. Elevated levels of PFAS in estuary aquatic animals and their ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic food webs could lead to long‐term negative health effects on the surrounding population and ecosystem. 

Abstract There has been a lot of attention on water pollution by dyes in recent years because of their serious toxicological implications on human health and the environment. Therefore, the current study presented a novel polyethylene glycol-functionalized graphene oxide/chitosan composite (PEG-GO/CS) to remove dyes from aqueous solutions. Several characterization techniques, such as SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA/DTG, XRD, and XPS, were employed to correlate the structure–property relationship between the adsorption performance and PEG-GO/CS composites. Taguchi’s (L₂₅) approach was used to optimize the batch adsorption process variables [pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of methyl orange (MO)] for maximal adsorption capacity. pH = 2, contact time = 90 min, adsorbent dose = 10 mg/10 mL, and MO initial concentration = 200 mg/L were found to be optimal. The material has a maximum adsorption capacity of 271 mg/g for MO at room temperature. With the greatest R² = 0.8930 values, the Langmuir isotherm model was shown to be the most appropriate. Compared to the pseudo-first-order model (R² = 0.9685), the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.9707) better fits the kinetic data. Electrostatic interactions were the dominant mechanism underlying MO sorption onto the PEG/GO-CS composite. The as-synthesized composite was reusable for up to three adsorption cycles. Thus, the PEG/GO-CS composite fabricated through a simple procedure may remove MO and other similar organic dyes in real contaminated water. 

In this community driven project, hemp plants were used to extract PFAS from contaminated soil and hydrothermal liquefaction was used to degrade PFAS in the harvested hemp.