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Abstract Science is often perceived as an objective, apolitical, and static body of knowledge, rather than a set of practices for understanding how and why the world works. Teaching science through social justice science issues (SJSIs) can facilitate a more complex and nuanced understanding of science while supporting children to recognize how science can be a tool to either oppress or push against injustice. Integrating science and social justice movements, however, can be challenging for early career teachers, and particularly elementary teachers. For this qualitative study, five preservice elementary teachers grappled with how they might advise a colleague to teach science through one social justice science issue—a train derailment in a nearby state. In foregrounding an SJSI for a hypothetical lesson, teachers shared affordances and challenges to this work, illuminating and exploring three boundaries: (1) boundaries of what counts as science; (2) boundaries of one’s own knowledge; and (3) boundaries of one’s role as a teacher. I discuss implications for teacher education programs, with specific emphasis on supporting teachers to engage in transdisciplinary work and their own critical reflection. 

Supporting children to make, explain, and reason through decisions about how to investigate scientific phenomena allows them to make sense of science content and practices in meaningful ways, positions children as agentic, and enables more equitable and just teaching. Novice teachers may use certain strategies and face unique challenges when engaging in this work. Drawing on written lesson plans, videorecords of lesson enactments, and interviews, this study explores five preservice teachers’ ideas and practices that positioned children as epistemic agents and identifies common tensions they negotiated. Each teacher demonstrated beliefs in children’s brilliance that were related to their practices, such as re-centering children’s ideas, working toward collective understanding, and engaging children in science practices. This study highlights early strengths of these five teachers and raises questions about teacher learning. 

Preservice elementary science teachers’ beliefs and practices influence the kinds of adaptations they make to curricula and the extent to which they are able to enact science lessons in justice-oriented ways. Through this qualitative study, we explored the beliefs and practices of five focal preservice teachers through an analysis of their lesson plans, recorded enactments, and interviews about their science teaching throughout their student teaching experience. We also introduce a framework for expansive sensemaking that integrates beliefs and practices related to four key themes: (1) believing in children’s brilliance, (2) building a collaborative classroom culture, (3) expanding what counts as science, and (4) positioning children as epistemic agents. While teachers varied in their beliefs about and approaches to each of these themes, they demonstrated strengths that illustrate what may be possible for early career teachers, like working to integrate many ways of knowing and being into science lessons, connecting to embodied knowledge, or supporting children to be scientific decision-makers. We discuss implications for teacher preparation programs and for theory development related to justice-oriented teaching in general and expansive sensemaking in particular. 

Building on the literature, we designed a practical framework to support attention to equity and justice in science teacher education coursework. This framework presents four approaches for including justice moves in elementary science lessons, from increasing opportunity and access in science, to increasing identity and representation in science, to expanding what counts as science, to seeing science as a part of justice movements. We analyzed the lesson plans of 16 preservice elementary teachers who were using the practical justice framework. In addition to extensive attention to varying participation structures to support children’s science discourse, preservice teachers also took up more challenging moves such as attending to how children are positioned as scientists, inviting children’s science ideas and hearing the science in their ideas, encouraging decision-making in science practices, and connecting science to issues of justice. They varied in both the number of unique justice moves they took up and the specificity with which they planned for incorporating the moves. We discuss implications for practice and theory-building in relation to supporting preservice teachers in learning to teach science toward equity and justice.