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  1. Abstract

    This review aims at providing an extensive discussion of modern constraints relevant for dense and hot strongly interacting matter. It includes theoretical first-principle results from lattice and perturbative QCD, as well as chiral effective field theory results. From the experimental side, it includes heavy-ion collision and low-energy nuclear physics results, as well as observations from neutron stars and their mergers. The validity of different constraints, concerning specific conditions and ranges of applicability, is also provided.

     
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  2. Every numerical general relativistic investigation starts from the solution of the initial value equations at a given time. Astrophysically relevant initial values for different systems lead to distinct sets of equations that obey specific assumptions tied to the particular problem. Therefore, a robust and efficient solver for a variety of strongly gravitating sources is needed. In this work, we present the OpenMP version of the Compact Object CALculator (COCAL) on shared memory processors. We performed extensive profiling of the core COCAL modules in order to identify bottlenecks in efficiency, which we addressed. Using modest resources, the new parallel code achieves speedups of approximately one order of magnitude relative to the original serial COCAL code, which is crucial for parameter studies of computationally expensive systems such as magnetized neutron stars, as well as its further development towards more realistic scenarios. As a novel example of our new code, we compute a binary quark system where each companion has a dimensionless spin of 0.43 aligned with the orbital angular momentum. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 1, 2025
  3. Triaxial neutron stars can be sources of continuous gravitational radiation detectable by ground-based interferometers. The amplitude of the emitted gravitational wave can be greatly affected by the state of the hydrodynamical fluid flow inside the neutron star. In this work, we examine the most triaxial models along two sequences of constant rest mass, confirming their dynamical stability. We also study the response of a triaxial figure of quasiequilibrium under a variety of perturbations that lead to different fluid flows. Starting from the general relativistic compressible analog of the Newtonian Jacobi ellipsoid, we perform simulations of Dedekind-type flows. We find that in some cases the triaxial neutron star resembles a Riemann-S-type ellipsoid with minor rotation and gravitational wave emission as it evolves towards axisymmetry. The present results highlight the importance of understanding the fluid flow in the interior of a neutron star in terms of its gravitational wave content. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available March 1, 2025