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ABSTRACT Disruptions to functionally important symbionts with global change will negatively impact plant fitness, with broader consequences for species' abundances, distribution, and community composition. Fungal endophytes that live inside plant leaves and roots could potentially mitigate plant heat stress from global warming. Conversely, disruptions of these symbioses could exacerbate the negative impacts of warming. To better understand the consistency and strength of warming‐induced changes to fungal endophytes, we examined fungal leaf and root endophytes in three grassland warming experiments in the US ranging from 2 to 25 years and spanning 2000 km, 12°C of mean annual temperature, and 600 mm of precipitation. We found that experimental warming disrupted symbiosis between plants and fungal endophytes. Colonization of plant tissues by septate fungi decreased in response to warming by 90% in plant leaves and 35% in roots. Warming also reduced fungal diversity and changed community composition in plant leaves, but not roots. The strength, but not direction, of warming effects on fungal endophytes varied by up to 75% among warming experiments. Finally, warming decoupled fungal endophytes from host metabolism by decreasing the correlation between endophyte community and host metabolome dissimilarity. These effects were strongest in the shorter‐term experiment, suggesting endophyte‐host metabolome function may acclimate to warming over decades. Overall, warming‐driven disruption of fungal endophyte community structure and function suggests that this symbiosis may not be a reliable mechanism to promote plant resilience and ameliorate stress responses under global change. 

As temperatures rise, plants are expected to shift their ranges to align with their abiotic niches. If plants do not encounter suitable mycorrhizal fungi in new habitats, however, these migrations may fail. We review the literature to describe how arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi currently vary within and beyond host plants’ ranges and how these mycorrhizal fungi shape plant ranges. We introduce a framework that predicts when plants are likely to encounter suitable mycorrhizal mutualists in new habitats. Critically, the probability of beneficial plant-mycorrhizal fungal interactions depends on 1) plants’ specificity to mycorrhizal fungi, 2) abiotic distance between historic and new ranges, 3) plants’ relatedness to new range plants, 4) geographic distance between historic and new ranges, and 5) the alignment of plant and mycorrhizal fungal niches, all of which are moderated by mycorrhizal guild. Finally, we review research frontiers in the field of plant-mycorrhizal fungal interactions.