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This study explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT, for different safety management applications in the construction industry. Many studies have explored the integration of GPT in construction safety for various applications; their primary focus has been on the feasibility of such integration, often using GPT models for specific applications rather than a thorough evaluation of GPT’s limitations and capabilities. In contrast, this study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of GPT’s performance based on established key criteria. Using structured use cases, this study explores GPT’s strength and weaknesses in four construction safety areas: (1) delivering personalized safety training and educational content tailored to individual learner needs; (2) automatically analyzing post-accident reports to identify root causes and suggest preventive measures; (3) generating customized safety guidelines and checklists to support site compliance; and (4) providing real-time assistance for managing daily safety tasks and decision-making on construction sites. LLMs and NLP have already been employed in each of these four areas for improvement, making them suitable areas for further investigation. GPT demonstrated acceptable performance in delivering evidence-based, regulation-aligned responses, making it valuable for scaling personalized training, automating accident analyses, and developing safety protocols. Additionally, it provided real-time safety support through interactive dialogues. However, the model showed limitations in deeper critical analysis, extrapolating information, and adapting to dynamic environments. The study concludes that while GPT holds significant promise for enhancing construction safety, further refinement is necessary. This includes fine-tuning for more relevant safety-specific outcomes, integrating real-time data for contextual awareness, and developing a nuanced understanding of safety risks. These improvements, coupled with human oversight, could make GPT a robust tool for safety management.