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  1. Model immunization is an emerging direction that aims to mitigate the potential risk of misuse associated with open-sourced models and advancing adaptation methods. The idea is to make the released models' weights difficult to fine-tune on certain harmful applications, hence the name immunized. Recent work on model immunization focuses on the single-concept setting. However, in real-world situations, models need to be immunized against multiple concepts. To address this gap, we propose an immunization algorithm that, simultaneously, learns a single difficult initialization for adaptation methods over a set of concepts. We achieve this by incorporating a differentiable merging layer that combines a set of model weights adapted over multiple concepts.In our experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of multi-concept immunization by generalizing prior work's experiment setup of re-learning and personalization adaptation to multiple concepts. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 11, 2026
  2. Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 27, 2025