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Editors contains: "Dutzler, Raimund"

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  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, PLOS Biology)
    Dutzler, Raimund (Ed.)
    Toxin-antidote systems are selfish genetic elements composed of a linked toxin and antidote. Thepeel-1 zeel-1toxin-antidote system inC. elegansconsists of a transmembrane toxin protein PEEL-1 which acts cell autonomously to kill cells. Here we investigate the molecular mechanism of PEEL-1 toxicity. We find that PEEL-1 requires a small membrane protein, PMPL-1, for toxicity. Together, PEEL-1 and PMPL-1 are sufficient for toxicity in a heterologous system, HEK293T cells, and cause cell swelling and increased cell permeability to monovalent cations. Using purified proteins, we show that PEEL-1 and PMPL-1 allow ion flux through lipid bilayers and generate currents which resemble ion channel gating. Our work suggests that PEEL-1 kills cells by co-opting PMPL-1 and creating a cation channel. 
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  2. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, PLOS Biology)
    Dutzler, Raimund (Ed.)
    Potassium ion (K + ) plays a critical role as an essential electrolyte in all biological systems. Genetically-encoded fluorescent K + biosensors are promising tools to further improve our understanding of K + -dependent processes under normal and pathological conditions. Here, we report the crystal structure of a previously reported genetically-encoded fluorescent K + biosensor, GINKO1, in the K + -bound state. Using structure-guided optimization and directed evolution, we have engineered an improved K + biosensor, designated GINKO2, with higher sensitivity and specificity. We have demonstrated the utility of GINKO2 for in vivo detection and imaging of K + dynamics in multiple model organisms, including bacteria, plants, and mice. 
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