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  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , EPJ Web of Conferences)
    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    A general problem faced by opportunistic users computing on the grid is that delivering cycles is simpler than delivering data to those cycles. In this project XRootD caches are placed on the internet backbone to create a content delivery network. Scientific workflows in the domains of high energy physics, gravitational waves, and others profit from this delivery network to increases CPU efficiency while decreasing network bandwidth use.
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    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    The University of California system maintains excellent networking between its campuses and a number of other Universities in California, including Caltech, most of them being connected at 100 Gbps. UCSD and Caltech Tier2 centers have joined their disk systems into a single logical caching system, with worker nodes from both sites accessing data from disks at either site. This successful setup has been in place for the last two years. However, coherently managing nodes at multiple physical locations is not trivial and requires an update on the operations model used. The Pacific Research Platform (PRP) provides Kubernetes resource pool spanningmore »resources in the science demilitarized zones (DMZs) in several campuses in California and worldwide. We show how we migrated the XCache services from bare-metal deployments into containers using the PRP cluster. This paper presents the reasoning behind our hardware decisions and the experience in migrating to and operating in a mixed environment.« less
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    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    Commercial Cloud computing is becoming mainstream, with funding agencies moving beyond prototyping and starting to fund production campaigns, too. An important aspect of any scientific computing production campaign is data movement, both incoming and outgoing. And while the performance and cost of VMs is relatively well understood, the network performance and cost is not. This paper provides a characterization of networking in various regions of Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform, both between Cloud resources and major DTNs in the Pacific Research Platform, including OSG data federation caches in the network backbone, and inside the clouds themselves.more »The paper contains both a qualitative analysis of the results as well as latency and peak throughput measurements. It also includes an analysis of the costs involved with Cloud-based networking.« less
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  4. ; ; ( , EPJ Web of Conferences)
    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    Boost.Histogram, a header-only C++14 library that provides multidimensional histograms and profiles, became available in Boost 1.70. It is extensible, fast, and uses modern C++ features. Using template metaprogramming, the most efficient code path for any given configuration is automatically selected. The library includes key features designed for the particle physics community, such as optional under- and overflow bins, weighted increments, reductions, growing axes, thread-safe filling, and memory-efficient counters with high-dynamic range. Python bindings for Boost.Histogram are being developed in the Scikit-HEP project to provide a fast, easy-to-install package as a backend for other Python libraries and for advanced users tomore »manipulate histograms. Versatile and efficient histogram filling, effective manipulation, multithreading support, and other features make this a powerful tool. This library has also driven package distribution efforts in Scikit-HEP, allowing binary packages hosted on PyPI to be available for a very wide variety of platforms. Two other libraries fill out the remainder of the Scikit-HEP Python histogramming effort. Aghast is a library designed to provide conversions between different forms of histograms, enabling interaction between histogram libraries, often without an extra copy in memory. This enables a user to make a histogram in one library and then save it in another form, such as saving a Boost.Histogram in ROOT. And Hist is a library providing friendly, analyst-targeted syntax and shortcuts for quick manipulations and fast plotting using these two libraries.« less
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  5. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , EPJ Web of Conferences)
    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    In this paper we showcase the support in Open Science Grid (OSG) of Midscale collaborations, the region of computing and storage scale where multi-institutional researchers collaborate to execute their science workflows on the grid without having dedicated technical support teams of their own. Collaboration Services enables such collaborations to take advantage of the distributed resources of the Open Science Grid by facilitating access to submission hosts, the deployment of their applications and supporting their data management requirements. Distributed computing software adopted from large scale collaborations, such as CVMFS, Rucio, xCache lower the barrier of intermediate scale research to integrate withmore »existing infrastructure.« less
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    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    We present the design and implementation of a Named Data Networking (NDN) based Open Storage System plug-in for XRootD. This is an important step towards integrating NDN, a leading future internet architecture, with the existing data management systems in CMS. This work outlines the first results of data transfer tests using internal as well as external 100 Gbps testbeds, and compares the NDN-based implementation with existing solutions.
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  7. ; ( , EPJ Web of Conferences)
    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments rely on the networks as one of the critical parts of their infrastructure both within the participating laboratories and sites as well as globally to interconnect the sites, data centres and experiments instrumentation. Network virtualisation and programmable networks are two key enablers that facilitate agile, fast and more economical network infrastructures as well as service development, deployment and provisioning. Adoption of these technologies by HEP sites and experiments will allow them to design more scalable and robust networks while decreasing the overall cost and improving the effectiveness of the resource utilization. The primary challenge wemore »currently face is ensuring that WLCG and its constituent collaborations will have the networking capabilities required to most effectively exploit LHC data for the lifetime of the LHC. In this paper we provide a high level summary of the HEPiX NFV Working Group report that explored some of the novel network capabilities that could potentially be deployment in time for HL-LHC.« less
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  8. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , EPJ Web of Conferences)
    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    One of the most computationally challenging problems expected for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is finding and fitting particle tracks during event reconstruction. Algorithms used at the LHC today rely on Kalman filtering, which builds physical trajectories incrementally while incorporating material effects and error estimation. Recognizing the need for faster computational throughput, we have adapted Kalman-filterbased methods for highly parallel, many-core SIMD and SIMT architectures that are now prevalent in high-performance hardware. Previously we observed significant parallel speedups, with physics performance comparable to CMS standard tracking, on Intel Xeon, Intel Xeon Phi, and (to a limited extent) NVIDIA GPUs.more »While early tests were based on artificial events occurring inside an idealized barrel detector, we showed subsequently that our mkFit software builds tracks successfully from complex simulated events (including detector pileup) occurring inside a geometrically accurate representation of the CMS-2017 tracker. Here, we report on advances in both the computational and physics performance of mkFit, as well as progress toward integration with CMS production software. Recently we have improved the overall efficiency of the algorithm by preserving short track candidates at a relatively early stage rather than attempting to extend them over many layers. Moreover, mkFit formerly produced an excess of duplicate tracks; these are now explicitly removed in an additional processing step. We demonstrate that with these enhancements, mkFit becomes a suitable choice for the first iteration of CMS tracking, and eventually for later iterations as well. We plan to test this capability in the CMS High Level Trigger during Run 3 of the LHC, with an ultimate goal of using it in both the CMS HLT and offline reconstruction for the HL-LHC CMS tracker.« less
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  9. ; ; ; ; ; ( , EPJ Web of Conferences)
    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    The Scalable Systems Laboratory (SSL), part of the IRIS-HEP Software Institute, provides Institute participants and HEP software developers generally with a means to transition their R&D from conceptual toys to testbeds to production-scale prototypes. The SSL enables tooling, infrastructure, and services supporting innovation of novel analysis and data architectures, development of software elements and tool-chains, reproducible functional and scalability testing of service components, and foundational systems R&D for accelerated services developed by the Institute. The SSL is constructed with a core team having expertise in scale testing and deployment of services across a wide range of cyberinfrastructure. The core teammore »embeds and partners with other areas in the Institute, and with LHC and other HEP development and operations teams as appropriate, to define investigations and required service deployment patterns. We describe the approach and experiences with early application deployments, including analysis platforms and intelligent data delivery systems.« less
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  10. ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , EPJ Web of Conferences)
    Doglioni, C. ; Kim, D. ; Stewart, G.A. ; Silvestris, L. ; Jackson, P. ; Kamleh, W. (Ed.)
    An important part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) legacy will be precise limits on indirect effects of new physics, framed for instance in terms of an effective field theory. These measurements often involve many theory parameters and observables, which makes them challenging for traditional analysis methods. We discuss the underlying problem of “likelihood-free” inference and present powerful new analysis techniques that combine physics insights, statistical methods, and the power of machine learning. We have developed MadMiner, a new Python package that makes it straightforward to apply these techniques. In example LHC problems we show that the new approach letsmore »us put stronger constraints on theory parameters than established methods, demonstrating its potential to improve the new physics reach of the LHC legacy measurements. While we present techniques optimized for particle physics, the likelihood-free inference formulation is much more general, and these ideas are part of a broader movement that is changing scientific inference in fields as diverse as cosmology, genetics, and epidemiology.« less
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