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   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003384  

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   https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff  

   Schädel, Christina ; Koven, Charles D ; Lawrence, David M ; Celis, Gerardo ; Garnello, Anthony J ; Hutchings, Jack ; Mauritz, Marguerite ; Natali, Susan M ; Pegoraro, Elaine ; Rodenhizer, Heidi ; et al ( October 2018 , Environmental Research Letters)
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   https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1957  

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4. Biophysical permafrost map indicates ecosystem processes dominate permafrost stability in the Northern Hemisphere

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac20f3  

   Ran, Youhua ; Jorgenson, M Torre ; Li, Xin ; Jin, Huijun ; Wu, Tonghua ; Li, Ren ; Cheng, Guodong ( September 2021 , Environmental Research Letters)

   Abstract The stability of permafrost is of fundamental importance to socio-economic well-being and ecological services, involving broad impacts to hydrological cycling, global budgets of greenhouse gases and infrastructure safety. This study presents a biophysical permafrost zonation map that uses a rule-based geographic information system (GIS) model integrating global climate and ecological datasets to classify and map permafrost regions (totaling 19.76 × 10 6 km 2 , excluding glaciers and lakes) in the Northern Hemisphere into five types: climate-driven (CD) (19% of area), CD/ecosystem-modified (41%), CD/ecosystem protected (3%), ecosystem-driven (29%), and ecosystem-protected (8%). Overall, 81% of the permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere are modified, driven, or protected by ecosystems, indicating the dominant role of ecosystems in permafrost stability in the Northern Hemisphere. Permafrost driven solely by climate occupies 19% of permafrost regions, mainly in High Arctic and high mountains areas, such as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This highlights the importance of reducing ecosystem disturbances (natural and human activity) to help slow permafrost degradation and lower the related risks from a warming climate. 

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   https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032349  

   Schuur, Edward A.G. ; Mack, Michelle C. ( November 2018 , Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics)