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1. Physics of the cryosphere

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-023-00610-2  

   Banwell, Alison F.; Burton, Justin C.; Cenedese, Claudia; Golden, Kenneth; Åström, Jan (July 2023, Nature Reviews Physics)
2. Ecological Stoichiometry of the Mountain Cryosphere

   https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00360  

   Ren, Ze; Martyniuk, Nicolas; Oleksy, Isabella A.; Swain, Anshuman; Hotaling, Scott (September 2019, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution)
3. Solar UV radiation in a changing world: roles of cryosphere–land–water–atmosphere interfaces in global biogeochemical cycles

   https://doi.org/10.1039/C8PP90063A  

   Sulzberger, B.; Austin, A. T.; Cory, R. M.; Zepp, R. G.; Paul, N. D. (March 2019, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences)

   Global change influences biogeochemical cycles within and between environmental compartments ( i.e. , the cryosphere, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and the atmosphere). A major effect of global change on carbon cycling is altered exposure of natural organic matter (NOM) to solar radiation, particularly solar UV radiation. In terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, NOM is degraded by UV and visible radiation, resulting in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide, as well as a range of products that can be more easily degraded by microbes (photofacilitation). On land, droughts and land-use change can reduce plant cover causing an increase in exposure of plant litter to solar radiation. The altered transport of soil organic matter from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems also can enhance exposure of NOM to solar radiation. An increase in emission of CO 2 from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to the effects of global warming, such as droughts and thawing of permafrost soils, fuels a positive feedback on global warming. This is also the case for greenhouse gases other than CO 2 , including methane and nitrous oxide, that are emitted from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These trace gases also have indirect or direct impacts on stratospheric ozone concentrations. The interactive effects of UV radiation and climate change greatly alter the fate of synthetic and biological contaminants. Contaminants are degraded or inactivated by direct and indirect photochemical reactions. The balance between direct and indirect photodegradation or photoinactivation of contaminants is likely to change with future changes in stratospheric ozone, and with changes in runoff of coloured dissolved organic matter due to climate and land-use changes. 

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4. Biogeochemical Cycling of Colloidal Trace Metals in the Arctic Cryosphere

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017394  

   Jensen, Laramie T.; Lanning, Nathan T.; Marsay, Chris M.; Buck, Clifton S.; Aguilar‐Islas, Ana M.; Rember, Robert; Landing, William M.; Sherrell, Robert M.; Fitzsimmons, Jessica N. (August 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)

   Abstract The surface waters of the Arctic Ocean include an important inventory of freshwater from rivers, sea ice melt, and glacial meltwaters. While some freshwaters are mixed directly into the surface ocean, cryospheric reservoirs, such as snow, sea ice, and melt ponds act as incubators for trace metals, as well as potential sources to the surface ocean upon melting. The availability and reactivity of these metals depends on their speciation, which may vary across each pool or undergo transformation upon mixing. We present here baseline measurements of colloidal (∼0.003–0.200 μm) iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn) in snow, sea ice, melt ponds, and the underlying seawater. We consider both the total concentration of colloidal metals ([cMe]) in each cryospheric reservoir and the contribution of cMe to the overall dissolved metal phase (%cMe). Notably, snow contained higher (cMe) as well as higher %cMe relative to seawater for metals such as Fe and Zn across most stations. Stations close to the North Pole had relatively high aerosol deposition, imparting high (cFe) and (cZn), as well as high %cFe, %cZn, %cMn, and %cCd (>80%). In contrast, surface seawater concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni were dominated by the soluble phase (<0.003 μm), suggesting little impact of cMe from the melting cryosphere, or rapid aggregation/disaggregation dynamics within surface waters leading to the loss of cMe. This has important implications for how trace metal biogeochemistry speciation and thus fluxes may change in a future ice‐free Arctic Ocean. 

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5. Preparing for a diminished cryosphere

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01023-9  

   Postigo, Julio C.; Young, Kenneth R. (August 2021, Sustainability Science)

   null (Ed.)

   The global implications of a rapidly diminishing Cryosphere urge a human-centered framework to address the sustainability and equity concerns arising from impacts of cryospheric change and economic development. This more inclusive paradigm would enable research and policy approaches premised on causalities, historical injustices, and needs for enhancing the resilience of and for indigenous peoples and smallholders. This framework will need to reconsider what human dimensions can be added to current biophysical monitoring, including evaluations of infrastructure, land and marine resources, institutions, and policies. It should facilitate the sharing of data and lived experiences of people affected by and interacting with social-ecological systems with less sea ice, glaciers, and snow cover. 

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