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1. Influence of sex and habitat on the size and shape of anal and dorsal fins of the blackstripe topminnow Fundulus notatus: fin size and shape in fundulus notatus

   https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12564  

   Welsh, D. P.; Fuller, R. C. (January 2015, Journal of Fish Biology)
2. Doublesex mediates species-, sex-, environment- and trait-specific exaggeration of size and shape

   https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0241  

   Rohner, Patrick T.; Linz, David M.; Moczek, Armin P. (June 2021, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences)

   Context-dependent trait exaggeration is a major contributor to phenotypic diversity. However, the genetic modifiers instructing development across multiple contexts remain largely unknown. We use the arthropod tibia, a hotspot for segmental differentiation, as a paradigm to assess the developmental mechanisms underlying the context-dependent structural exaggeration of size and shape through nutritional plasticity, sexual dimorphism and segmental differentiation. Using an RNAseq approach in the sexually dimorphic and male-polyphenic dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella , we find that only a small portion (3.7%) of all transcripts covary positively in expression level with trait size across contexts. However, RNAi-mediated knockdown of the conserved sex-determination gene doublesex suggests that it functions as a context-dependent master mediator of trait exaggeration in D. gazella as well as the closely related dung beetle Onthophagus taurus . Taken together, our findings suggest (i) that the gene networks associated with trait exaggeration are highly dependent on the precise developmental context, (ii) that doublesex differentially shapes morphological exaggeration depending on developmental contexts and (iii) that this context-specificity of dsx -mediated trait exaggeration may diversify rapidly. This mechanism may contribute to the resolution of conflict arising from environment-dependent antagonistic selection among sexes and divergent developmental contexts in a wide range of animals. 

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3. Tailoring the Shape and Size of Artificial Cells

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b05112  

   Bhattacharya, Ahanjit; Devaraj, Neal K. (July 2019, ACS Nano)
4. Size and shape effects on the strength of platinum nanoparticles

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06435-7  

   Zimmerman, J.; Bisht, A.; Mishin, Y.; Rabkin, E. (November 2021, Journal of Materials Science)
5. Measuring the Separability of Shape, Size, and Color in Scatterplots

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300899  

   Smart, Stephen; Szafir, Danielle Albers (January 2019, CHI '19 Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems)

   Scatterplots commonly use multiple visual channels to encode multivariate datasets. Such visualizations often use size, shape, and color as these dimensions are considered separable--dimensions represented by one channel do not significantly interfere with viewers' abilities to perceive data in another. However, recent work shows the size of marks significantly impacts color difference perceptions, leading to broader questions about the separability of these channels. In this paper, we present a series of crowdsourced experiments measuring how mark shape, size, and color influence data interpretation in multiclass scatterplots. Our results indicate that mark shape significantly influences color and size perception, and that separability among these channels functions asymmetrically: shape more strongly influences size and color perceptions in scatterplots than size and color influence shape. Models constructed from the resulting data can help designers anticipate viewer perceptions to build more effective visualizations. 

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