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1. Climate‐Sensitive Controls on Large Spring Emissions of CH ₄ and CO ₂ From Northern Lakes

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005094  

   Jansen, J.; Thornton, B. F.; Jammet, M. M.; Wik, M.; Cortés, A.; Friborg, T.; MacIntyre, S.; Crill, P. M. (July 2019, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences)
2. Controlling Magnetization Vector Depth Profiles of La _0.7 Sr _0.3 CoO ₃ /La _0.7 Sr _0.3 MnO ₃ Exchange Spring Bilayers via Interface Reconstruction

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c09417  

   Kane, Alexander M.; Chiu, I-Ting; Ahlm, Nolan J.; Chopdekar, Rajesh V.; N’Diaye, Alpha T.; Arenholz, Elke; Mehta, Apurva; Lauter, Valeria; Takamura, Yayoi (October 2020, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces)

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3. Spring photosynthetic onset and net CO ₂ uptake in Alaska triggered by landscape thawing

   https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14283  

   Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Arneth, Almut; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Smith, Ben; Steiner, Nicholas; Luus, Kristina; Commane, Roisin; Benmergui, Josh; Stofferahn, Eric; Liu, Junjie; et al (May 2018, Global Change Biology)

   Abstract The springtime transition to regional‐scale onset of photosynthesis and net ecosystem carbon uptake in boreal and tundra ecosystems are linked to the soil freeze–thaw state. We present evidence from diagnostic and inversion models constrained by satellite fluorescence and airborneCO₂from 2012 to 2014 indicating the timing and magnitude of spring carbon uptake in Alaska correlates with landscape thaw and ecoregion. Landscape thaw in boreal forests typically occurs in late April (DOY111 ± 7) with a 29 ± 6 day lag until photosynthetic onset. North Slope tundra thaws 3 weeks later (DOY133 ± 5) but experiences only a 20 ± 5 day lag until photosynthetic onset. These time lag differences reflect efficient cold season adaptation in tundra shrub and the longer dehardening period for boreal evergreens. Despite the short transition from thaw to photosynthetic onset in tundra, synchrony of tundra respiration with snow melt and landscape thaw delays the transition from net carbon loss (at photosynthetic onset) to net uptake by 13 ± 7 days, thus reducing the tundra net carbon uptake period. Two globalCO₂inversions using aCASA‐GFEDmodel prior estimate earlier northern high latitude net carbon uptake compared to our regional inversion, which we attribute to (i) early photosynthetic‐onset model prior bias, (ii) inverse method (scaling factor + optimization window), and (iii) sparsity of available AlaskanCO₂observations. Another global inversion with zero prior estimates the same timing for net carbon uptake as the regional model but smaller seasonal amplitude. The analysis of Alaskan eddy covariance observations confirms regional scale findings for tundra, but indicates that photosynthesis and net carbon uptake occur up to 1 month earlier in evergreens than captured by models orCO₂inversions, with better correlation to above‐freezing air temperature than date of primary thaw. Further collection and analysis of boreal evergreen species over multiple years and at additional subarctic flux towers are critically needed. 

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4. Extreme spring conditions in the Arctic delay spring phenology of long-distance migratory songbirds

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3907-3  

   Boelman, Natalie T.; Krause, Jesse S.; Sweet, Shannan K.; Chmura, Helen E.; Perez, Jonathan H.; Gough, Laura; Wingfield, John C. (September 2017, Oecologia)
5. Soft Hybrid Wave Spring Actuators

   https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900097  

   Skorina, Erik H.; Onal, Cagdas D. (November 2019, Advanced Intelligent Systems)

   Soft continuum manipulators, inspired by squid tentacles and elephant trunks, show promise in allowing robots to safely interact with complex environments. One ongoing problem for these manipulators is torsional stiffness, as continuum manipulators are naturally compliant and cannot actively resist torsional strain. A hybrid actuator that combines molded silicone actuators with 3D printed flexible wave springs is used to overcome this problem. It is shown that the inclusion of the 3D printed wave spring increases actuator torsional stiffness by up to a factor of 10. Further investigation of these structures is performed using both experimentation and simulation. Finally, this hybrid actuator design is used to create a nine‐degree‐of‐freedom soft continuum manipulator, which is used to perform a cantilevered pick‐and‐place task impossible for a traditional soft manipulator of similar size. 

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