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1. A fully-coupled framework for solving Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes equations: Second-order, energy-stable numerical methods on adaptive octree based meshes

   https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2022.108501  

   Makrand A. Khanwale ; Kumar Saurabh ; Milinda Fernando ; Victor M.Calo ; Hari Sundar ; James A.Rossmanith ; Baskar Ganapathysubramanian ( November 2022 , Computer physics communications)

   We present a fully-coupled, implicit-in-time framework for solving a thermodynamically-consistent Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes system that models two-phase flows. In this work, we extend the block iterative method presented in Khanwale et al. [Simulating two-phase flows with thermodynamically consistent energy stable Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes equations on parallel adaptive octree based meshes, J. Comput. Phys. (2020)], to a fully-coupled, provably second-order accurate scheme in time, while maintaining energy-stability. The new method requires fewer matrix assemblies in each Newton iteration resulting in faster solution time. The method is based on a fully-implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme in time and a pressure stabilization for an equal order Galerkin formulation. That is, we use a conforming continuous Galerkin (cG) finite element method in space equipped with a residual-based variational multiscale (RBVMS) procedure to stabilize the pressure. We deploy this approach on a massively parallel numerical implementation using parallel octree-based adaptive meshes. We present comprehensive numerical experiments showing detailed comparisons with results from the literature for canonical cases, including the single bubble rise, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, and lid-driven cavity flow problems. We analyze in detail the scaling of our numerical implementation.
2. Linear, second order and unconditionally energy stable schemes for the viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation with hyperbolic relaxation using the invariant energy quadratization method

   Yang, X ; Zhao, J ; He, X. ( April 2018 , Journal of computational and applied mathematics)

   In this paper, we consider numerical approximations for the viscous Cahn–Hilliard equa- tion with hyperbolic relaxation. This type of equations processes energy-dissipative struc- ture. The main challenge in solving such a diffusive system numerically is how to develop high order temporal discretization for the hyperbolic and nonlinear terms, allowing large time-marching step, while preserving the energy stability, i.e. the energy dissipative structure at the time-discrete level. We resolve this issue by developing two second-order time-marching schemes using the recently developed ‘‘Invariant Energy Quadratization’’ approach where all nonlinear terms are discretized semi-explicitly. In each time step, one only needs to solve a symmetric positive definite (SPD) linear system. All the proposed schemes are rigorously proven to be unconditionally energy stable, and the second-order convergence in time has been verified by time step refinement tests numerically. Various 2D and 3D numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the stability, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed schemes.
3. A novel Decoupled and stable scheme for an anisotropic phase-field dendritic crystal growth model

   Zhang J, Chen C ( April 2019 , Applied mathematics letters)

   We consider numerical approximations for a phase-field dendritic crystal growth model, which is a highly nonlinear system that couples the anisotropic Allen–Cahn type equation and the heat equation. By combining the stabilized-Invariant Energy Quadratization method with a novel decoupling technique, the scheme requires solving only a sequence of linear elliptic equations at each time step, making it the first, to the best of the author’s knowledge, totally decoupled, linear, unconditionally energy stable scheme for the model. We further prove the unconditional energy stability rigorously and present various numerical simulations to demonstrate the stability and accuracy.
4. Fast, provably unconditionally energy stable, and second-order accurate algorithms for the anisotropic Cahn–Hilliard Model

   Chen, J ; Yang, X. ( March 2019 , Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering)

   In this paper, we consider numerical approximations for solving the anisotropic Cahn–Hilliard model. We combine the Scalar Auxiliary Variable (SAV) approach with the stabilization technique to arrive at a novel Stabilized-SAV approach, where three linear stabilization terms, which are shown to be crucial to remove the oscillations caused by the anisotropic coefficient, are added to enhance the stability while keeping the required accuracy. The schemes are very easy-to-implement and fast in the sense that all nonlinear terms are treated in a semi-explicit way, and one only needs to solve three decoupled linear equations with constant coefficients at each time step. We further prove the unconditional energy stabilities rigorously and present numerous 2D and 3D numerical simulations to demonstrate the stability and accuracy.
5. Semi-implicit hybrid discrete (H$^T_N$) approximation of thermal radiative transfer

   https://doi.org/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10915-021-01686-7  

   R.G. McClarren, J.A. Rossmanith ( November 2021 , Journal of scientific computing)

   The thermal radiative transfer (TRT) equations form an integro-differential system that describes the propagation and collisional interactions of photons. Computing accurate and efficient numerical solutions TRT are challenging for several reasons, the first of which is that TRT is defined on a high-dimensional phase space that includes the independent variables of time, space, and velocity. In order to reduce the dimensionality of the phase space, classical approaches such as the P$_N$ (spherical harmonics) or the S$_N$ (discrete ordinates) ansatz are often used in the literature. In this work, we introduce a novel approach: the hybrid discrete (H$^T_N$) approximation to the radiative thermal transfer equations. This approach acquires desirable properties of both P$_N$ and S$_N$, and indeed reduces to each of these approximations in various limits: H$^1_N$ $\equiv$ P$_N$ and H$^T_0$ $\equiv$ S$_T$. We prove that H$^T_N$ results in a system of hyperbolic partial differential equations for all $T\ge 1$ and $N\ge 0$. Another challenge in solving the TRT system is the inherent stiffness due to the large timescale separation between propagation and collisions, especially in the diffusive (i.e., highly collisional) regime. This stiffness challenge can be partially overcome via implicit time integration, although fully implicit methods may become computationally expensivemore »due to the strong nonlinearity and system size. On the other hand, explicit time-stepping schemes that are not also asymptotic-preserving in the highly collisional limit require resolving the mean-free path between collisions, making such schemes prohibitively expensive. In this work we develop a numerical method that is based on a nodal discontinuous Galerkin discretization in space, coupled with a semi-implicit discretization in time. In particular, we make use of a second order explicit Runge-Kutta scheme for the streaming term and an implicit Euler scheme for the material coupling term. Furthermore, in order to solve the material energy equation implicitly after each predictor and corrector step, we linearize the temperature term using a Taylor expansion; this avoids the need for an iterative procedure, and therefore improves efficiency. In order to reduce unphysical oscillation, we apply a slope limiter after each time step. Finally, we conduct several numerical experiments to verify the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the H$^T_N$ ansatz and the numerical discretizations.« less