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Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are vulnerable to malware and require new mitigation techniques due to their limited resources. To that end, previous research has used periodic Remote Attestation (RA) or Traffic Analysis (T A) to detect malware in IoT devices. However, RA is expensive, and TA only raises suspicion without confirming malware presence. To solve this, we design MADEA, the first system that blends RA and T A to offer a comprehensive approach to malware detection for the IoT ecosystem. T A builds profiles of expected packet traces during benign operations of each device and then uses them to detect malware from network traffic in realtime. RA confirms the presence or absence of malware on the device. MADEA achieves 100% true positive rate. It also outperforms other approaches with 160× faster detection time. Finally, without MADEA, effective periodic RA can consume at least ∼14× the amount of energy that a device needs in one hour.
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Reconciling remote attestation and safety-critical operation on simple IoT devices
Remote attestation (RA) is a means of malware detection, typically realized as an interaction between a trusted verifier and a potentially compromised remote device (prover). RA is especially relevant for low-end embedded devices that are incapable of protecting themselves against malware infection. Most current RA techniques require on-demand and uninterruptible (atomic) operation. The former fails to detect transient malware that enters and leaves between successive RA instances; the latter involves performing potentially time-consuming computation over prover's memory and/or storage, which can be harmful to the device's safety-critical functionality and general availability. However, relaxing either on-demand or atomic RA operation is tricky and prone to vulnerabilities. This paper identifies some issues that arise in reconciling requirements of safety-critical operation with those of secure remote attestation, including detection of transient and self-relocating malware. It also investigates mitigation techniques, including periodic self-measurements as well as interruptible attestation modality that involves shuffled memory traversals and various memory locking mechanisms.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1702911
- PAR ID:
- 10063867
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- DAC '18 Proceedings of the 55th Annual Design Automation Conference
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1 to 6
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3195970.3199853
