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1. Find Your Twin in History: Exploring Ethical Design Challenges in Facial Recognition

   Mohanty, Vikram; Wang, Marx; Kusuma, Manisha; Thames, David; Luther, Kurt (January 2020, CSCW 2020 Workshop on Beyond Checklist Approaches to Ethics in Design)

   Facial recognition systems pose numerous ethical challenges, yet little guidance is available for designers. We explore these challenges in a three-step design process to create Civil War Twin, an educational web application where users can discover their lookalikes from the American Civil War era while learning more about both history and facial recognition. 

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2. Rebel Territorial Control, Governance, and Political Accountability in Civil War: Evidence from the Communist Insurgency in the Philippines

   https://doi.org/10.7916/D86H60VJ  

   Rubin, Michael A. (May 2018, Academic commons)

   Under what conditions do rebel organizations control territory during civil war? How do civilians influence the distribution of territorial control? Why do rebels invest in governance, and why do they target civilians with violence, in some locations but not others? This dissertation advances a political accountability theory to explain how civilians influence the distribution of territorial control and governance during civil war. Existing research explaining variation in rebel territorial control and behavior have emphasized structural and organizational factors, identity politics, economic conditions, and geography. However, the classic insurgency literature and recent counterinsurgency doctrine emphasize the importance of securing civilian support and protecting the population to achieving military objectives in civil war. If true, civilians retain at least some power over rebel personnel. The accountability theory of rebel conduct provides a unified framework linking inter-related conflict processes associated with rebel groups’ territorial control, governance, and strategic use of violence during civil war. It argues that community collective action capacity, the ease with which communities facilitate collective action to pursue common interests, influences the distribution territorial control and belligerent conduct during civil war. The empirical strategy draws upon complementary quantitative and qualitative methods to test the accountability against plausible alternatives using village-level data from the communist insurgency in the Philippines. The results provide robust support for the accountability theory over plausible alternatives, and yield policy implications for peace-building and economic development in conflict-affected states. 

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3. Explainable Tracking of Political Violence Using the Tsetlin Machine

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTM58889.2023.10454920  

   Hsu, Hsu-Chiang; Bang-Jensen, Bree; Colaresi, Michael P; Chrysanthis, Panos K; Zadorozhny, Vladimir I (June 2023, 2023 International Symposium on the Tsetlin Machine (ISTM))

   In this paper we introduce a framework that utilizes an architecture based on the Tsetlin Machine to output explain- able rules for the prediction of political violence. The framework includes a data processing pipeline, modeling architecture, and visualization tools for early warning about notable events. We conducted an experimental study to explain and predict a one of the most notable events, - a civil war. We observed that the rules that we produced are consistent with theories that emphasize the continuing risks that accumulate from a history of conflict as well as the stickiness of civil war. 

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4. Supporting Historical Photo Identification with Face Recognition and Crowdsourced Human Expertise (Extended Abstract)

   https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/660  

   Mohanty, Vikram; Thames, David; Mehta, Sneha; Luther, Kurt (July 2020, Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Sister Conferences Best Papers)

   null (Ed.)

   Identifying people in historical photographs is important for interpreting material culture, correcting the historical record, and creating economic value, but it is also a complex and challenging task. In this paper, we focus on identifying portraits of soldiers who participated in the American Civil War (1861-65). Millions of these portraits survive, but only 10-20% are identified. We created Photo Sleuth, a web-based platform that combines crowdsourced human expertise and automated face recognition to support Civil War portrait identification. Our mixed-methods evaluation of Photo Sleuth one month after its public launch showed that it helped users successfully identify unknown portraits. 

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5. Photo sleuth: combining human expertise and face recognition to identify historical portraits

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3301275.3302301  

   Mohanty, Vikram; Thames, David; Mehta, Sneha; Luther, Kurt (January 2019, Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI ’19))

   Identifying people in historical photographs is important for preserving material culture, correcting the historical record, and creating economic value, but it is also a complex and challenging task. In this paper, we focus on identifying portraits of soldiers who participated in the American Civil War (1861-65), the first widely-photographed conflict. Many thousands of these portraits survive, but only 10--20% are identified. We created Photo Sleuth, a web-based platform that combines crowdsourced human expertise and automated face recognition to support Civil War portrait identification. Our mixed-methods evaluation of Photo Sleuth one month after its public launch showed that it helped users successfully identify unknown portraits and provided a sustainable model for volunteer contribution. We also discuss implications for crowd-AI interaction and person identification pipelines. 

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