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1. Time Scale Dependence of the Meridional Coherence of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015838  

   Gu, Sifan ; Liu, Zhengyu ; Wu, Lixin ( March 2020 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)

   The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability is suggested to be incoherent between the subpolar and subtropical gyres in the Atlantic on interannual and even decadal time scales, questioning the representativeness of AMOC variability at a single latitude in modern observation and paleoreconstruction. Paleoreconstructions of the Florida Current transport suggest that Florida Current variability is associated with the AMOC on the millennial time scale, but the Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) mooring array suggests a weak correlation between the Florida Current and the AMOC. In this study, we investigate the meridional coherence of AMOC variability and the relationship between the Florida Current variability and the AMOC variability on different time scales in a transient 20,000‐year simulation. We find that with the increase of time scales, the meridional coherence of the AMOC increases. On decadal and longer time scales, the coherent subtropical and subpolar AMOC is caused by the coherent buoyancy forcing in the subpolar gyre. Also, the Florida Current transport is highly correlated with AMOC variability on decadal and longer time scales, suggesting that observations of the Florida Current can be used to indicate AMOC variability on long time scales.

    

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2. Geodynamic implications for zonal and meridional isotopic patterns across the northern Lau and North Fiji Basins: ZONAL AND MERIDIONAL ISOTOPIC PATTERNS

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006651  

   Price, Allison A. ; Jackson, Matthew G. ; Blichert-Toft, Janne ; Kurz, Mark D. ; Gill, Jim ; Blusztajn, Jerzy ; Jenner, Frances ; Brens, Raul ; Arculus, Richard ( March 2017 , Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems)
3. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) Heat Transport Time Series between April 2004 and December 2020 at 26.5°N

   https://doi.org/10.17604/3nfq-va20  

   Johns, William ; Elipot, Shane ; Smeed, David ; Moat, Ben ; KING, Brian ; Volkov, Denis ; Smith, Ryan ( January 2023 , University of Miami Libraries)

   The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) program has produced a continuous heat transport time series of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 26N that started in April 2004. This release of the heat transport time series covers the period from April 2004 to December 2020.The 26N AMOC time series is derived from measurements of temperature, salinity, pressure and water velocity from an array of moored instruments that extend from the east coast of the Bahamas to the continental shelf off Africa east of the Canary Islands. The AMOC heat transport calculation also uses estimates of the heat transport in the Florida Strait derived from sub-sea cable measurements calibrated by regular hydrographic cruises. The component of the AMOC associated with the wind driven Ekman layer is derived from ERA5 reanalysis. This release of the data includes a document with a brief description of the heat transport calculation of the AMOC time series and references to more detailed description in published papers. The 26N AMOC heat transport time series and the data from the moored array are curated by the Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science at the University of Miami. The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS program is a joint effort between the NSF (Principal Investigators Bill Johns and Shane Elipot, Uni. Miami) in the USA, NERC in the UK (PI Ben Moat, David Smeed, and Brian King, NOC) and NOAA (PIs Denis Volkov and Ryan Smith). 

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4. Indian Ocean warming can strengthen the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0566-x  

   Hu, Shineng ; Fedorov, Alexey V. ( October 2019 , Nature Climate Change)
5. Arctic freshwater impact on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: status and prospects

   https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0185  

   Haine, Thomas W. ; Siddiqui, Ali H. ; Jiang, Wenrui ( December 2023 , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences)

   Arguably, the most conspicuous evidence for anthropogenic climate change lies in the Arctic Ocean. For example, the summer-time Arctic sea ice extent has declined over the last 40 years and the Arctic Ocean freshwater storage has increased over the last 30 years. Coupled climate models project that this extra freshwater will pass Greenland to enter the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean (SPNA) in the coming decades. Coupled climate models also project that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) will weaken in the twenty-first century, associated with SPNA buoyancy increases. Yet, it remains unclear when the Arctic anthropogenic freshening signal will be detected in the SPNA, or what form the signal will take. Therefore, this article reviews and synthesizes the state of knowledge on Arctic Ocean and SPNA salinity variations and their causes. This article focuses on the export processes in data-constrained ocean circulation model hindcasts. One challenge is to quantify and understand the relative importance of different competing processes. This article also discusses the prospects to detect the emergence of Arctic anthropogenic freshening and the likely impacts on the AMOC. For this issue, the challenge is to distinguish anthropogenic signals from natural variability.

   This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Atlantic overturning: new observations and challenges’.

    

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