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5. Ultra‐Thin Lithium Silicide Interlayer for Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries

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   Abstract All‐solid‐state batteries with metallic lithium (Li_BCC) anode and solid electrolyte (SE) are under active development. However, an unstable SE/Li_BCCinterface due to electrochemical and mechanical instabilities hinders their operation. Herein, an ultra‐thin nanoporous mixed ionic and electronic conductor (MIEC) interlayer (≈3.25 µm), which regulates Li_BCCdeposition and stripping, serving as a 3D scaffold for Li⁰ad‐atom formation, Li_BCCnucleation, and long‐range transport of ions and electrons at SE/Li_BCCinterface is demonstrated. Consisting of lithium silicide and carbon nanotubes, the MIEC interlayer is thermodynamically stable against Li_BCCand highly lithiophilic. Moreover, its nanopores (<100 nm) confine the deposited Li_BCCto the size regime where Li_BCCexhibits “smaller is much softer” size‐dependent plasticity governed by diffusive deformation mechanisms. The Li_BCCthus remains soft enough not to mechanically penetrate SE in contact. Upon further plating, Li_BCCgrows in between the current collector and the MIEC interlayer, not directly contacting the SE. As a result, a full‐cell having Li_3.75Si‐CNT/Li_BCCfoil as an anode and LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂as a cathode displays a high specific capacity of 207.8 mAh g⁻¹, 92.0% initial Coulombic efficiency, 88.9% capacity retention after 200 cycles (Coulombic efficiency reaches 99.9% after tens of cycles), and excellent rate capability (76% at 5 C). 

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