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Historically, broad-spectrum antibiotics have represented a major component of the therapeutic armamentarium used to treat common oral diseases associated with a bacterial etiology. The fact that these diseases are due to the accumulation of multispecies biofilms composed of ever-increasing numbers of resistant organisms has dramatically affected the efficacy of many of these drugs. Furthermore, it is now appreciated that repeated use of broad-spectrum antibiotics also affects the composition of the host commensal microbiota, which can have both local and systemic implications. In recognition of the limitations of classical antibiotics, alternative chemical, physical, and mechanical strategies are either in use or development. These include novel narrow-spectrum antimicrobials such as antitoxins, bacteriophages, and antibody-conjugated drugs that can target specific microbes while minimizing the emergence of resistant organisms and preserving eubiotic microbes. Other approaches, such as new broad-spectrum non-antibiotic strategies and probiotics, are aimed at disrupting or altering the composition of oral biofilms and their extracellular matrices to facilitate the elimination of overt pathogens by the host response and/or adjunctive antimicrobials. This critical review describes the use and limitations of broad- and narrow-spectrum strategies currently being used to treat common bacterially induced oral diseases as well as alternative methods in development.
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Generation of 17 fs pulses from a Mamyshev oscillator with intra-cavity photonic crystal fiber
A few cycle pulses (~5 cycles) with broad spectrum (~400 nm) are generated from a Mamyshev oscillator. Such a broad spectrum can be stabilized in the cavity by a self-similar attractor in the gain fiber.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1710914
- PAR ID:
- 10106185
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Digest of technical papers - Conference on Lasers and Electro-optics
- Issue:
- STu3L.1
- ISSN:
- 1054-0377
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- The DOI is not currently available.
