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Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) are a subclass of ionic liquids that possess a paramagnetic metal within their chemical structure, making them susceptible to external magnetic fields. A total of twenty-four (24) MILs were prepared and characterized to investigate the effect of the ligand, cation and anion on the physiochemical properties of acetylacetonate-based MILs. It was found that thermal stabilities as high as 260 °C could be achieved by incorporating aromatic moieties in the anion structure. Additionally, the magnetic moment could be modulated by simply changing the transition metal in the anion. Magnetic moment values of 2.8 μ B , 4.5 μ B and 5.6 μ B were obtained by using Ni( ii ), Co( ii ), and Mn( ii ) as the metal centers, respectively. Furthermore, the viscosity of the MILs could be tailored from a few hundred centipoise to several thousand centipoise, increasing their potential applications in numerous interdisciplinary fields. Moreover, the MILs synthesized in this study were found to be insoluble in water at a MIL-to-solvent ratio of 0.01% (w/v), making them potentially useful in targeted separations, where very hydrophobic solvents are highly desired.
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Magnetic ionic liquids based on transition metal complexes with N -alkylimidazole ligands
In this study, magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) consisting of Ni( ii ), Co( ii ), and Mn( ii ) and paired with the bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide [NTf 2 − ] anion were synthesized from their water soluble chloride intermediates. The MILs feature low viscosity, high hydrophobicity, and hydrolytic stability making them attractive candidates for a number of highly interdisciplinary applications.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1709372
- PAR ID:
- 10108174
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- New Journal of Chemistry
- Volume:
- 43
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 1144-0546
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 20 to 23
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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null (Ed.)In this study, three magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were investigated for extraction of four estrogens, i.e., estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and ethinylestradiol (EE2), from environmental water. The cation trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ([P66614]+), selected to confer hydrophobicity to the resulting MIL, was combined with tetrachloroferrate(III), ferricyanide, and dysprosium thiocyanate to yield ([P66614][FeCl4]), ([P66614]3[Fe(CN)6]), and ([P66614]5[Dy(SCN)8]), respectively. After evaluation of various strategies to develop a liquid–liquid microextraction technique based on synthesized MILs, we placed the MILs onto a magnetic stir bar and used them as extracting solvents. After extraction, the MIL-enriched phase was dissolved in methanol and injected into an HPLC–UV for qualitative and quantitative analysis. An experimental design was used to simultaneously evaluate the effect of select variables and optimization of extraction conditions to maximize the recovery of the analytes. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection were in the range of 0.2 (for E3 and E2) and 0.5 μg L−1 (for E1), and calibration curves exhibited linearity in the range of 1–1000 μg L−1 with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998. The percent relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 5.0%. Finally, this method was used to determine concentration of estrogens in real lake and sewage water samples.more » « less
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Abstract BackgroundPlant DNA isolation and purification is a time-consuming and laborious process relative to epithelial and viral DNA sample preparation due to the cell wall. The lysis of plant cells to free intracellular DNA normally requires high temperatures, chemical surfactants, and mechanical separation of plant tissue prior to a DNA purification step. Traditional DNA purification methods also do not aid themselves towards fieldwork due to the numerous chemical and bulky equipment requirements. ResultsIn this study, intact plant tissue was coated by hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) and ionic liquids (ILs) and allowed to incubate under static conditions or dispersed in a suspension buffer to facilitate cell disruption and DNA extraction. The DNA-enriched MIL or IL was successfully integrated into the qPCR buffer without inhibiting the reaction. The two aforementioned advantages of ILs and MILs allow plant DNA sample preparation to occur in one minute or less without the aid of elevated temperatures or chemical surfactants that typically inhibit enzymatic amplification methods. MIL or IL-coated plant tissue could be successfully integrated into a qPCR assay without the need for custom enzymes or manual DNA isolation/purification steps that are required for conventional methods. ConclusionsThe limited amount of equipment, chemicals, and time required to disrupt plant cells while simultaneously extracting DNA using MILs makes the described procedure ideal for fieldwork and lab work in low resource environments.more » « less
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Abstract Observations of local star-forming galaxies (SFGs) show a tight correlation between their singly ionized carbon line luminosity ($$L_{\rm [C\, \small {II}]}$$) and star formation rate (SFR), suggesting that $$L_{\rm [C\, \small {II}]}$$ may be a useful SFR tracer for galaxies. Some other galaxy populations, however, are found to have lower $$L_{\rm [C\, \small {II}]}{}/{}\rm SFR$$ than local SFGs, including the infrared-luminous, starburst galaxies at low and high redshifts as well as some moderately star-forming galaxies at the epoch of re-ionization (EoR). The origins of this ‘$$\rm [C\, \small {II}]$$ deficit’ is unclear. In this work, we study the $$L_{\rm [C\, \small {II}]}$$-SFR relation of galaxies using a sample of z = 0 − 8 galaxies with M* ≈ 107 − 5 × 1011 M⊙ extracted from cosmological volume and zoom-in simulations from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (fire) project. We find a simple analytic expression for $$L_{\rm [C\, \small {II}]}$$/SFR of galaxies in terms of the following parameters: mass fraction of $$\rm [C\, \small {II}]$$-emitting gas ($$f_{\rm [C\, \small {II}]}$$), gas metallicity (Zgas), gas density (ngas) and gas depletion time ($$t_{\rm dep}{}={}M_{\rm gas}{}/{}\rm SFR$$). We find two distinct physical regimes: $$\rm H_2$$-rich galaxies where tdep is the main driver of the $$\rm [C\, \small {II}]$$ deficit and $$\rm H_2$$-poor galaxies where Zgas is the main driver. The observed $$\rm [C\, \small {II}]$$ deficit of IR-luminous galaxies and early EoR galaxies, corresponding to the two different regimes, is due to short gas depletion time and low gas metallicity, respectively. Our result indicates that the $$\rm [C\, \small {II}]$$ deficit is a common phenomenon of galaxies, and caution needs to be taken when applying a constant $$L_{\rm [C\, \small {II}]}$$-to-SFR conversion factor derived from local SFGs to estimate cosmic SFR density at high redshifts and interpret data from upcoming $$\rm [C\, \small {II}]$$ line intensity mapping experiments.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj05176c
