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   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1169-4  

   Chambers, C; Walton, T; Fairbank, D; Craycraft, A; Yahne, D R; Todd, J; Iverson, A; Fairbank, W; Alamre, A; Albert, J B; et al (May 2019, Nature)
2. Structural properties of barium stannate

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.019  

   Phelan, D.; Han, F.; Lopez-Bezanilla, A.; Krogstad, M.J.; Gim, Y.; Rong, Y.; Zhang, Junjie; Parshall, D.; Zheng, H.; Cooper, S.L.; et al (June 2018, Journal of Solid State Chemistry)
3. Persistent photoconductivity in barium titanate

   https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0075484  

   Pansegrau, Christopher; McCluskey, Matthew D. (March 2022, Journal of Applied Physics)

   Annealed bulk crystals of barium titanate (BaTiO₃) exhibit persistent photoconductivity (PPC) at room temperature. Samples were annealed in a flowing gas of humid argon and hydrogen, with a higher flow rate corresponding to larger PPC. When exposed to sub-bandgap light, a broad infrared (IR) absorption peak appears at 5000 cm⁻¹(2  μm), attributed to polaronic or free-carrier absorption from electrons in the conduction band. Along with the increased IR absorption, electrical resistance is reduced by a factor of approximately two. The threshold photon energy for PPC is 2.9 eV, similar to the case of SrTiO₃. This similarity suggests that the mechanisms are similar: an electron in substitutional hydrogen (H_O) is photoexcited into the conduction band, causing the proton to leave the oxygen vacancy and attach to a host oxygen atom. The barrier to recover to the ground state is large such that PPC persists at room temperature. 

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4. Barium isotope systematics of subduction zones

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.02.006  

   Nielsen, Sune G.; Shu, Yunchao; Auro, Maureen; Yogodzinski, Gene; Shinjo, Ryuichi; Plank, Terry; Kay, Suzanne M.; Horner, Tristan J. (April 2020, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta)
5. Nucleation pathways in barium silicate glasses

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79749-2  

   McKenzie, Matthew E.; Deng, Binghui; Van Hoesen, D. C.; Xia, Xinsheng; Baker, David E.; Rezikyan, Aram; Youngman, Randall E.; Kelton, K. F. (December 2021, Scientific Reports)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract Nucleation is generally viewed as a structural fluctuation that passes a critical size to eventually become a stable emerging new phase. However, this concept leaves out many details, such as changes in cluster composition and competing pathways to the new phase. In this work, both experimental and computer modeling studies are used to understand the cluster composition and pathways. Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics approaches are used to analyze the thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to the nucleation landscape in barium silicate glasses. Experimental techniques examine the resulting polycrystals that form. Both the modeling and experimental data indicate that a silica rich core plays a dominant role in the nucleation process. 

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