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1. X-DeepSCA: Cross-Device Deep Learning Side Channel Attack

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3317934  

   Das, Debayan ; Golder, Anupam ; Danial, Josef ; Ghosh, Santosh ; Raychowdhury, Arijit ; Sen, Shreyas ( January 2019 , DAC '19: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019)

   This article, for the first time, demonstrates Cross-device Deep Learning Side-Channel Attack (X-DeepSCA), achieving an accuracy of > 99.9%, even in presence of significantly higher inter-device variations compared to the inter-key variations. Augmenting traces captured from multiple devices for training and with proper choice of hyper-parameters, the proposed 256-class Deep Neural Network (DNN) learns accurately from the power side-channel leakage of an AES-128 target encryption engine, and an N-trace (N ≤ 10) X-DeepSCA attack breaks different target devices within seconds compared to a few minutes for a correlational power analysis (CPA) attack, thereby increasing the threat surface for embedded devicesmore »significantly. Even for low SNR scenarios, the proposed X-DeepSCA attack achieves ∼ 10× lower minimum traces to disclosure (MTD) compared to a traditional CPA.« less
2. Low-Energy and CPA-Resistant Adiabatic CMOS/MTJ Logic for IoT Devices

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI51109.2021.00064  

   Kahleifeh, Zachary ; Thapliyal, Himanshu ( July 2021 , 2021 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI))

   The tremendous growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased focus on the energy efficiency and security of an IoT device. In this paper, we will present a design level, non-volatile adiabatic architecture for low-energy and Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) resistant IoT devices. IoT devices constructed with CMOS integrated circuits suffer from high dynamic energy and leakage power. To solve this, we look at both adiabatic logic and STT-MTJs (Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions) to reduce both dynamic energy and leakage power. Furthermore, CMOS integrated circuits suffer from side-channel leakage making them insecure against powermore »analysis attacks. We again look to adiabatic logic to design secure circuits with uniform power consumption, thus, defending against power analysis attacks. We have developed a hybrid adiabatic-MTJ architecture using two-phase adiabatic logic. We show that hybrid adiabatic-MTJ circuits are both low energy and secure when compared with CMOS circuits. As a case study, we have constructed one round of PRESENT and have shown energy savings of 64.29% at a frequency of 25 MHz. Furthermore, we have performed a correlation power analysis attack on our proposed design and determined that the key was kept hidden.« less
3. Charge Based Power Side-Channel Attack Methodology for an Adiabatic Cipher

   https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121438  

   Dhananjay, Krithika ; Salman, Emre ( June 2021 , Electronics)

   SIMON is a block cipher developed to provide flexible security options for lightweight hardware applications such as the Internet-of-things (IoT). Safeguarding such resource-constrained hardware from side-channel attacks poses a significant challenge. Adiabatic circuit operation has recently received attention for such applications due to ultra-low power consumption. In this work, a charge-based methodology is developed to mount a correlation power analysis (CPA) based side-channel attack to an adiabatic SIMON core. The charge-based method significantly reduces the attack complexity by reducing the required number of power samples by two orders of magnitude. The CPA results demonstrate that the required measurements-to-disclosure (MTD) tomore »retrieve the secret key of an adiabatic SIMON core is 4× higher compared to a conventional static CMOS based implementation. The effect of increase in the target signal load capacitance on the MTD is also investigated. It is observed that the MTD can be reduced by half if the load driven by the target signal is increased by 2× for an adiabatic SIMON, and by 5× for a static CMOS based SIMON. This sensitivity to target signal capacitance of the adiabatic SIMON can pose a serious concern by facilitating a more efficient CPA attack.« less
4. EE-ACML: Energy-Efficient Adiabatic CMOS/MTJ Logic for CPA-Resistant IoT Devices

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227651  

   Kahleifeh, Zachary ; Thapliyal, Himanshu ( November 2021 , Sensors)

   Internet of Things (IoT) devices have strict energy constraints as they often operate on a battery supply. The cryptographic operations within IoT devices consume substantial energy and are vulnerable to a class of hardware attacks known as side-channel attacks. To reduce the energy consumption and defend against side-channel attacks, we propose combining adiabatic logic and Magnetic Tunnel Junctions to form our novel Energy Efficient-Adiabatic CMOS/MTJ Logic (EE-ACML). EE-ACML is shown to be both low energy and secure when compared to existing CMOS/MTJ architectures. EE-ACML reduces dynamic energy consumption with adiabatic logic, while MTJs reduce the leakage power of a circuit.more »To show practical functionality and energy savings, we designed one round of PRESENT-80 with the proposed EE-ACML integrated with an adiabatic clock generator. The proposed EE-ACML-based PRESENT-80 showed energy savings of 67.24% at 25 MHz and 86.5% at 100 MHz when compared with a previously proposed CMOS/MTJ circuit. Furthermore, we performed a CPA attack on our proposed design, and the key was kept secret.« less
5. Key Update Countermeasure for Correlation-Based Side-Channel Attacks

   Yutian Gui, Suyash Mohan ( April 2020 , Journal of hardware and systems security)

   Side-channel analysis is a non-invasive form of attack that reveals the secret key of the cryptographic circuit by analyzing the leaked physical information. The traditional brute-force and cryptanalysis attacks target the weakness in the encryption algorithm, whereas side-channel attacks use statistical models such as differential analysis and correlation analysis on the leaked information gained from the cryptographic device during the run-time. As a non-invasive and passive attack, the side-channel attack brings a lot of difficulties for detection and defense. In this work, we propose a key update scheme as a countermeasure for power and electromagnetic analysis-based attacks on the cryptographicmore »device. The proposed countermeasure utilizes a secure coprocessor to provide secure key generation and storage in a trusted environment. The experimental results show that the proposed key update scheme can mitigate side-channel attacks significantly.« less