Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges the
already tight link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain
insight into OtI mmWave scenarios at 28 GHz, we conducted an
extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,200 link measurements. In total, 43 OtI scenarios were measured in West Harlem,
New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. The measured OtI path gain can vary by up to 40 dB for a given link distance,
and the empirical path gain model for all data shows an average of
30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m, with an
RMS fitting error of 11.7 dB. The type of glass is found to be the
single dominant feature for OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference
between empirical path gain models for scenarios with low-loss and
high-loss glass. The presence of scaffolding, tree foliage, or elevated
subway tracks, as well as difference in floor height are each found to
have an impact between 5–10 dB. We show that for urban buildings
with high-loss glass, OtI coverage can support 500 Mbps for 90%
of indoor user equipment (UEs) with a base station (BS) antenna
placed up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such
as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school,
data rates over 2.5/1.2 Gbps are possible from a BS 68/175 m away
from the school building, when a line-of-sight path is available. We
expect these results to be useful for the deployment of mmWave
networks in dense urban environments as well as the develop
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28GHz channel measurements in the COSMOS testbed deployment area
Next generation wireless and mobile networks will utilize millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication to achieve significantly increased data rates. However, since mmWave radio signals experience high path loss, the operation of mmWave networks will require accurate channel models designed for specific deployment sites. In this paper, we focus on the deployment area of the PAWR COSMOS testbed [1, 2] in New York City and report extensive 28 GHz channel measurements. These include over 24 million power measurements collected from over 1,500 links on 13 sidewalks in 3 different sites
and in different settings during March–June, 2019. Using these measurements, we study the effects of the setup and environments (e.g., transmitter height and seasonal effects). We then discuss the obtained path gain values and their fitted lines, and the resulting
effective azimuth beamforming gain. Based on these results, we also study the link SNR values that can be supported on individual sidewalks and the corresponding theoretically achievable data rates. We believe that the results can inform the COSMOS testbed
deployment process and provide a benchmark for other deployment efforts in dense urban areas.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1650669
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10134991
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Proc. ACM MobiCom’19 Workshop on Millimeter-Wave Networks and Sensing Systems (mmNets), 2019.
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges the already tight link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave scenarios at 28GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,200 link measurements. In total, 43 OtI scenarios were measured in West Harlem, NewYork City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. The measured OtI path gain can vary by up to40dBforagivenlink distance, and the empirical path gain model for all data shows an average of 30dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50m, with an RMSfitting error of 11.7 dB. The type of glass is found to be the single dominant feature for OtI loss, with 20dB observed difference between empirical path gain models for scenarios with low-loss and high-loss glass. The presence of scaffolding, tree foliage, or elevated subwaytracks, as well as difference in floor height are each found to have animpact between 5–10dB. Weshowthatforurbanbuildings with high-loss glass, OtI coverage can support 500Mbps for 90% of indoor user equipment (UEs) with a base station (BS) antenna placed up to 49m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.5/1.2 Gbps are possible from a BS 68/175m away from the school building, when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of mmWave networks in dense urban environments as well as the development of relevant scheduling and beam management algorithms.more » « less
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
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- The DOI is not currently available.
