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1. Complex histories of gene flow and a mitochondrial capture event in a nonsister pair of birds

   https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15856  

   Andersen, Michael J. ; McCullough, Jenna M. ; Gyllenhaal, Ethan F. ; Mapel, Xena M. ; Haryoko, Tri ; Jønsson, Knud A. ; Joseph, Leo ( March 2021 , Molecular Ecology)

   Hybridization, introgression, and reciprocal gene flow during speciation, specifically the generation of mitonuclear discordance, are increasingly observed as parts of the speciation process. Genomic approaches provide insight into where, when, and how adaptation operates during and after speciation and can measure historical and modern introgression. Whether adaptive or neutral in origin, hybridization can cause mitonuclear discordance by placing the mitochondrial genome of one species (or population) in the nuclear background of another species. The latter, introgressed species may eventually have its own mtDNA replaced or “captured” by other species across its entire geographical range. Intermediate stages in the capture process should be observable. Two nonsister species of Australasian monarch‐flycatchers, Spectacled Monarch (Symposiachrus trivirgatus) mostly of Australia and Indonesia and Spot‐winged Monarch (S. guttula) of New Guinea, present an opportunity to observe this process. We analysed thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from ultraconserved elements of all subspecies of both species. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of Australian populations ofS. trivirgatusform two paraphyletic clades, one being sister to and presumably introgressed byS. guttuladespite little nuclear signal of introgression. Population genetic analyses (e.g., tests for modern and historical gene flow and selection) support at least one historical gene flow event betweenS. guttulaand AustralianS. trivirgatus. We also uncovered introgression from the Maluku Islands subspecies ofS. trivirgatusinto an island population ofS. guttula, resulting in apparent nuclear paraphyly. We find that neutral demographic processes, not adaptive introgression, are the most likely cause of these complex population histories. We suggest that a Pleistocene extinction ofS. guttulafrom mainland Australia resulted from range expansion byS. trivirgatus.

    

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2. Search for pair and single production of vectorlike quarks in final states with at least one Z boson decaying into a pair of electrons or muons in pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at s=13  TeV

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.112010  

   Aaboud, M. ; Aad, G. ; Abbott, B. ; Abdinov, O. ; Abeloos, B. ; Abhayasinghe, D. K. ; Abidi, S. H. ; AbouZeid, O. S. ; Abraham, N. L. ; Abramowicz, H. ; et al ( December 2018 , Physical Review D)
3. Search for heavy resonances decaying to a pair of Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons in final states with leptons and a bottom quark pair at $$ \sqrt{s} $$= 13 TeV

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2022)005  

   Tumasyan, A. ; Adam, W. ; Andrejkovic, J. W. ; Bergauer, T. ; Chatterjee, S. ; Damanakis, K. ; Dragicevic, M. ; Escalante Del Valle, A. ; Frühwirth, R. ; Jeitler, M. ; et al ( May 2022 , Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A bstract A search for new heavy resonances decaying to a pair of Higgs bosons (HH) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. Data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 . Resonances with a mass between 0.8 and 4.5 TeV are considered using events in which one Higgs boson decays into a bottom quark pair and the other into final states with either one or two charged leptons. Specifically, the single-lepton decay channel $$ \mathrm{HH}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}{\mathrm{WW}}^{\ast}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\ell v\mathrm{q}{\overline{\mathrm{q}}}^{\prime } $$ HH → b b ¯ WW ∗ → b b ¯ ℓ v q q ¯ ′ and the dilepton decay channels $$ \mathrm{HH}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}{\mathrm{WW}}^{\ast}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\ell v\ell v $$ HH → b b ¯ WW ∗ → b b ¯ ℓ v ℓ v and $$ \mathrm{HH}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\uptau \uptau \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\ell vv\ell vv $$ HH → b b ¯ ττ → b b ¯ ℓ vv ℓ vv are examined, where ℓ in the final state corresponds to an electron or muon. The signal is extracted using a two-dimensional maximum likelihood fit of the $$ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ H → b b ¯ jet mass and HH invariant mass distributions. No significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed in data. Model-independent exclusion limits are placed on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for narrow spin-0 and spin-2 massive bosons decaying to HH. The results are also interpreted in the context of radion and bulk graviton production in models with a warped extra spatial dimension. The results provide the most stringent limits to date for X → HH signatures with final-state leptons and at some masses provide the most sensitive limits of all X → HH searches. 

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4. Precise determination of pair interactions from pair statistics of many-body systems in and out of equilibrium

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.044122  

   Torquato, Salvatore ; Wang, Haina ( October 2022 , Physical Review E)
5. Calculation of the decay rate of tachyonic neutrinos against charged-lepton-pair and neutrino-pair Cerenkov radiation

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/aa84da  

   Jentschura, Ulrich D ; Nándori, István ; Ehrlich, Robert ( October 2017 , Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics)