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1. Cluster Preface: Electrochemical Synthesis and Catalysis

   https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1689970  

   Kawamata, Yu ; Baran, Phil S. ( May 2019 , Synlett)

   null (Ed.)

   Yu Kawamata was born in Japan in 1988, and he completed his undergraduate education at Kyoto University. He obtained his master’s degree and his Ph.D. at the same university under the supervision of Professor Keiji Maruoka, and he undertook a short-term internship at The Scripps Research Institute working on natural product synthesis with Professor Phil S. Baran. Upon completion of his doctoral studies, he returned to the Baran laboratory as a research associate and currently is pursuing his postdoctoral studies on organic electrochemistry.Phil S. Baran was born in New Jersey in 1977 and completed his undergraduate education at New York University in 1997. After earning his Ph.D. at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in 2001, he pursued postdoctoral studies at Harvard University until 2003, at which point he returned to TSRI to begin his independent career. He was promoted to the rank of professor in 2008 and is currently the Darlene Shiley Professor of Chemistry. The mission of his laboratory is to educate students at the intersection of fundamental organic chemistry and translational science. 

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2. Reputation Building under Observational Learning

   https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdac052  

   Pei, Harry ( July 2022 , The Review of Economic Studies)

   Abstract A patient seller interacts with a sequence of myopic consumers. Each period, the seller chooses the quality of his product, and a consumer decides whether to trust the seller after she observes the seller’s actions in the last $K$ periods (limited memory) and at least one previous consumer’s action (observational learning). However, the consumer cannot observe the seller’s action in the current period. With positive probability, the seller is a commitment type who plays his Stackelberg action in every period. I show that under limited memory and observational learning, consumers are concerned that the seller will not play his Stackelberg action when he has a positive reputation and will play his Stackelberg action after he has lost his reputation. Such a concern leads to equilibria where the seller receives a low payoff from building a reputation. I also show that my reputation failure result hinges on consumers’ observational learning. 

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3. F. S. Macaulay: From plane curves to Gorenstein rings

   https://doi.org/10.1090/bull/1787  

   Eisenbud, David ; Gray, Jeremy ( July 2023 , Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society)

   Francis Sowerby Macaulay began his career working on Brill and Noether’s theory of algebraic plane curves and their interpretation of the Riemann–Roch and Cayley–Bacharach theorems; in fact it is Macaulay who first stated and proved the modern form of the Cayley–Bacharach theorem. Later in his career Macaulay developed ideas and results that have become important in modern commutative algebra, such as the notions of unmixedness, perfection (the Cohen–Macaulay property), and super-perfection (the Gorenstein property), work that was appreciated by Emmy Noether and the people around her. He also discovered results that are now fundamental in the theory of linkage, but this work was forgotten and independently rediscovered much later. The name of a computer algebra program (now Macaulay2) recognizes that much of his work is based on examples created by refined computation. Though he never spoke of the connection, the threads of Macaulay’s work lead directly from the problems on plane curves to his later theorems. In this paper we will explain what Macaulay did, and how his results are connected. 

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4. On the Ambient Optic Array: James Gibson’s Insights About the Phenomenon of Chiaroscuro

   https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669520952097  

   Todd, James T. ( September 2020 , i-Perception)

   null (Ed.)

   In 1966, James Gibson first presented his theory of the ambient optic array, and he proposed a new field of ecological optics that he hoped would advance our knowledge on this topic. This study will consider how his ideas have largely come to fruition over the past 50 years. It reviews the research on the visual perception of three-dimensional shape from shading, the effects of ambient light from surface interreflections on observers’ perceptions, the perception of the light field, and the perception of surface materials. Finally, it also considers Gibson’s impact on these developments. 

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5. Aspects of Inquiry Applied in Japan and Australia

   https://doi.org/10.58021/S54S3V  

   Cense, Barry ( January 2022 , Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators (ISEE))

   Seagroves, Scott ; Barnes, Austin ; Metevier, Anne ; Porter, Jason ; Hunter, Lisa (Ed.)

   The author reflects on his experience as a participant in the Professional Development Program (PDP) in 2005 and 2006 and how he has implemented elements of inquiry learning in his curriculum. He taught courses in Japan and Australia and touches on his perception of how the students in his units learned, and what the effects of (learning) culture are on inquiry learning. Through his experiences, the author found that in the first stages of a learning process, inquiry learning can help to engage and motivate students. In the end stage of learning, inquiry learning can help students to demonstrate their ability to think and work independently. One should carefully consider the learning background of students before implementing aspects of inquiry learning, as it can be affected by the culture in which they grew up. 

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