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Title: 3D hydrodynamic simulations of C ingestion into a convective O shell
Abstract Interactions between convective shells in evolved massive stars have been linked to supernova impostors, to the production of the odd-Z elements Cl, K, and Sc, and they might also help generate the large-scale asphericities that are known to facilitate shock revival in supernova explosion models. We investigate the process of ingestion of C-shell material into a convective O-burning shell, including the hydrodynamic feedback from the nuclear burning of the ingested material. Our 3D hydrodynamic simulations span almost 3 dex in the total luminosity $$L_\rm {tot}$$. All but one of the simulations reach a quasi-stationary state with the entrainment rate and convective velocity proportional to $$L_\rm {tot}$$ and $$L_\rm {tot}^{1/3}$$, respectively. Carbon burning provides 14 – $$33\%$$ of the total luminosity, depending on the set of reactions considered. Equivalent simulations done on 7683 and 11523 grids are in excellent quantitative agreement. The flow is dominated by a few large-scale convective cells. An instability leading to large-scale oscillations with Mach numbers in excess of 0.2 develops in an experimental run with the energy yield from C burning increased by a factor of 10. This run represents most closely the conditions expected in a violent O-C shell merger, which is a potential production site for odd-Z elements such as K and Sc and which may seed asymmetries in the supernova progenitor. 1D simulations may underestimate the energy generation from the burning of ingested material by as much as a factor two owing to their missing the effect of clumpiness of entrained material on the nuclear reaction rate.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1814181
PAR ID:
10166281
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume:
491
ISSN:
0035-8711
Page Range / eLocation ID:
972 - 992
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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