Abstract Efficient doping of polymer semiconductors is required for high conductivity and efficient thermoelectric performance. Lewis acids, e.g., B(C6F5)3, have been widely employed as dopants, but the mechanism is not fully understood. 1:1 “Wheland type” or zwitterionic complexes of B(C6F5)3are created with small conjugated molecules 3,6‐bis(5‐(7‐(5‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐dioctyl‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione [oligo_DPP(EDOT)2] and 3,6‐bis(5''‐methyl‐[2,2':5',2''‐terthiophen]‐5‐yl)‐2,5‐dioctyl‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione [oligo_DPP(Th)2]. Using a wide variety of experimental and computational approaches, the doping ability of these Wheland Complexes with B(C6F5)3are characterized for five novel diketopyrrolopyrrole‐ethylenedioxythiophene (DPP‐EDOT)‐based conjugated polymers. The electrical properties are a strong function of the specific conjugated molecule constituting the adduct, rather than acidic protons generated via hydrolysis of B(C6F5)3, serving as the oxidant. It is highly probable that certain repeat units/segments form adduct structures inp‐type conjugated polymers which act as intermediates for conjugated polymer doping. Electronic and optical properties are consistent with the increase in hole‐donating ability of polymers with their cumulative donor strengths. The doped film of polymer (DPP(EDOT)2‐(EDOT)2) exhibits exceptionally good thermal and air‐storage stability. The highest conductivities, ≈300 and ≈200 S cm−1, are achieved for DPP(EDOT)2‐(EDOT)2doped with B(C6F5)3and its Wheland complexes. 
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                            A new family of liquid and solid guanidine-based n-type dopants for solution-processed perovskite solar cells
                        
                    
    
            We present a series of new dopants based on a bicyclcic guanidine-type structure, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene ( TBD ), for organic semiconductors. A series of TBD derivatives that were alkylated at the 7-position were synthesized and their physical properties were determined. These stable dopants were shown to be effective n-type dopants for [6,6]-phenyl- C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), poly{[ N , N ′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt -5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3- d :2′,3′- d ′]- s -indaceno[1,2- b :5,6- b ′]dithiophene (ITIC). Films of PC 61 BM doped with 10 mol% of a dimeric derivative of TBD had electrical conductivities of 0.065 S cm −1 . The utility of the dopants was further shown by doping electron transport layers of PC 61 BM with 2TBD-C10 for methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) solar cells leading to improved fill factors and PCEs relative to undoped ETLs. 
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                            - Award ID(s):
- 1808622
- PAR ID:
- 10186204
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Materials Chemistry Frontiers
- ISSN:
- 2052-1537
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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