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1. De Novo Gene Birth, Horizontal Gene Transfer, and Gene Duplication as Sources of New Gene Families Associated with the Origin of Symbiosis in Amanita

   https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa193  

   Wang, Yen-Wen ; Hess, Jaqueline ; Slot, Jason C ; Pringle, Anne ( November 2020 , Genome Biology and Evolution)

   Ma, Li-Jun (Ed.)

   Abstract By introducing novel capacities and functions, new genes and gene families may play a crucial role in ecological transitions. Mechanisms generating new gene families include de novo gene birth, horizontal gene transfer, and neofunctionalization following a duplication event. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is a ubiquitous mutualism and the association has evolved repeatedly and independently many times among the fungi, but the evolutionary dynamics enabling its emergence remain elusive. We developed a phylogenetic workflow to first understand if gene families unique to ECM Amanita fungi and absent from closely related asymbiotic species are functionally relevant to the symbiosis, and then to systematically infer their origins. We identified 109 gene families unique to ECM Amanita species. Genes belonging to unique gene families are under strong purifying selection and are upregulated during symbiosis, compared with genes of conserved or orphan gene families. The origins of seven of the unique gene families are strongly supported as either de novo gene birth (two gene families), horizontal gene transfer (four), or gene duplication (one). An additional 34 families appear new because of their selective retention within symbiotic species. Among the 109 unique gene families, the most upregulated gene in symbiotic cultures encodes a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, an enzyme capable of downregulating the synthesis of the plant hormone ethylene, a common negative regulator of plant-microbial mutualisms. 

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2. High-level, constitutive expression of the mgtC gene confers increased thermotolerance on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: Constitutive expression of the mgtC gene

   https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.13988  

   Gall, Aaron R. ; Hegarty, Annie E. ; Datsenko, Kirill A. ; Westerman, Richard P. ; SanMiguel, Phillip ; Csonka, Laszlo N. ( August 2018 , Molecular Microbiology)
3. A Tunisian family with a novel mutation in the gene CYP4F22 for lamellar ichthyosis and co‐occurrence of hearing loss in a child due to mutation in the SLC26A4 gene

   https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.14452  

   Sayeb, Marwa ; Riahi, Zied ; Laroussi, Nadia ; Bonnet, Crystel ; Romdhane, Lilia ; Mkaouar, Rahma ; Zaouak, Anissa ; Marrakchi, Jihene ; Abdessalem, Ghaith ; Messaoud, Olfa ; et al ( April 2019 , International Journal of Dermatology)

   Co‐occurrence of two genetic diseases is challenging for accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling. The recent availability of whole exome sequencing (WES) has dramatically improved the molecular diagnosis of rare genetic diseases in particular in consanguineous populations.

   We report here on a consanguineous family from Southern Tunisia including three members affected with congenital ichthyosis. The index case had a hearing loss (HL) and ichthyosis and was primarily suspected as suffering from keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness (KID) syndrome.WESwas performed for the index case, and all members of the nuclear family were sequenced (Sanger method).

   TheWESapproach allowed the identification of two strong candidate variants in two different genes; a missense mutation c.1334T>G (p.Leu445Trp) in exon 11 ofSLC26A4gene, associated with isolatedHLand a novel missense mutation c.728G>T (p.Arg243Leu) in exon 8 ofCYP4F22gene likely responsible for ichthyosis. These two mutations were predicted to be pathogenic by three pathogenicity prediction softwares (Scale‐Invariant Feature Transform [SIFT], Polymorphism Phenotyping [PolyPhen], Mutation Taster) to underlie theHLand ichthyosis, respectively.

   The present study raises awareness about the importance of familial history for accurate diagnosis of syndromic genetic diseases and differential diagnosis with co‐occurrence of two distinct clinical entities. In addition, in countries with limited resources,WESsequencing for a single individual provides a cost effective tool for molecular diagnosis confirmation and genetic counseling.

    

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4. GENE FLOW IN CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA (LEGUMINOSAE) II. GENE ESTABLISHMENT

   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04414.x  

   Fenster, Charles B. ( March 1991 , Evolution)
5. Predicting gene regulatory networks by combining spatial and temporal gene expression data in Arabidopsis root stem cells

   https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707566114  

   de Luis Balaguer, Maria Angels ; Fisher, Adam P. ; Clark, Natalie M. ; Fernandez-Espinosa, Maria Guadalupe ; Möller, Barbara K. ; Weijers, Dolf ; Lohmann, Jan U. ; Williams, Cranos ; Lorenzo, Oscar ; Sozzani, Rosangela ( September 2017 , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)