skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: The Impact of Brexit on Foreign Investment and Production
Using simulations from a multi-country neoclassical growth model, we analyze several post-Brexit scenarios. First, the United Kingdom unilaterally imposes tighter restrictions on FDI and trade from other EU nations. Second, the European Uunion retaliates and imposes the same restrictions on the United Kingdom. Finally, the United Kingdom reduces restrictions on other nations during the post-Brexit transition. Model predictions depend crucially on the policy response of multinationals’ investment in technology capital, accumulated know-how from investments in R&D, brands, and organizations used simultaneously in their domestic and foreign operations. (JEL D25, F13, F15, F23, G31, O32)  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1657891
PAR ID:
10196999
Author(s) / Creator(s):
;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics
Volume:
12
Issue:
1
ISSN:
1945-7707
Page Range / eLocation ID:
76 to 103
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Political polarization impeded public support for policies to reduce the spread of COVID-19, much as polarization hinders responses to other contemporary challenges. Unlike previous theory and research that focused on the United States, the present research examined the effects of political elite cues and affective polarization on support for policies to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in seven countries ( n = 12,955): Brazil, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Across countries, cues from political elites polarized public attitudes toward COVID-19 policies. Liberal and conservative respondents supported policies proposed by ingroup politicians and parties more than the same policies from outgroup politicians and parties. Respondents disliked, distrusted, and felt cold toward outgroup political elites, whereas they liked, trusted, and felt warm toward both ingroup political elites and nonpartisan experts. This affective polarization was correlated with policy support. These findings imply that policies from bipartisan coalitions and nonpartisan experts would be less polarizing, enjoying broader public support. Indeed, across countries, policies from bipartisan coalitions and experts were more widely supported. A follow-up experiment replicated these findings among US respondents considering international vaccine distribution policies. The polarizing effects of partisan elites and affective polarization emerged across nations that vary in cultures, ideologies, and political systems. Contrary to some propositions, the United States was not exceptionally polarized. Rather, these results suggest that polarizing processes emerged simply from categorizing people into political ingroups and outgroups. Political elites drive polarization globally, but nonpartisan experts can help resolve the conflicts that arise from it. 
    more » « less
  2. This month in Geneva, the 196 parties to the United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity will discuss the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, in preparation for part two of the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP 15) in Kunming, China. By driving biodiversity actions worldwide through 2030 and beyond, this is arguably the most important biodiversity policy process of our time. 
    more » « less
  3. null (Ed.)
    The authors present a new approach to show how interdisciplinary collaborations among a group of institutions can provide a unique opportunity for students to engage across the science-policy nexus using the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Through collaboration across seven higher education institutions in the United States and Australia, virtual student research teams worked together across disciplines such as economics, ecology, and other earth and social sciences to address research questions centered on sustainable development goals. The teams presented their findings in person to diplomats and delegates at the 2019 United Nations Conference of the Parties meeting in Madrid, which also had strong qualitative impacts on their perceptions of international science-policy interfaces. 
    more » « less
  4. Two recent strands of the structural vector autoregression literature use higher moments for identification, exploiting either non-Gaussianity or heteroskedasticity. These approaches achieve point identification without exclusion or sign restrictions. We review this work critically and contrast its goals with the separate research program that has pushed for macroeconometrics to rely more heavily on credible economic restrictions. Identification from higher moments imposes stronger assumptions on the shock process than second-order methods do. We recommend that these assumptions be tested. Since inference from higher moments places high demands on a finite sample, weak identification issues should be given priority by applied users. 
    more » « less
  5. Open source software (OSS) has become an essential in knowledge production and innovation in both academic and business sectors around the globe. OSS is developed by a variety of entities and is considered a "unique scholarly activity" due to the complexity of scientific computational tasks and the necessity of cooperation and transparency for research methodology. While the developers of OSS are thought to be very widespread, there remains many questions to be answered about who these contributors are, who are the largest contributors (countries, sectors, organizations), and how they influence each other. Using data collected on Python and R packages from GitHub, we leverage fractional-counting methods to measure the exact contribution of each developer and use weighted counting based on the lines of code added to accurately sum the contribution of countries to OSS. We find that for both Python and R, developers from a small group of top countries account for a considerable share of code additions. Developers from the top 10 countries, which include the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, and China comprise of 76.1% of the total R repositories, and 66.6% of Python repositories. Next, we use the dependency relationship between packages and study the pairwise connections between countries to measure their respective impact, finding that the packages attributed to United States are most frequently reused by packages from Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, and United Kingdom based on the total dependency fractions. In parallel, United States mostly uses packages from Germany, France, and Denmark. Influential contributors to OSS can contribute heavily to the priorities and practices of scientific research when their work is widely used or built upon by other researchers. In this context, studying the global distribution, collaboration, and impact of the contributors is important to understanding the landscape of innovation in scientific research. 
    more » « less