More than ever before, data centers must deploy robust thermal solutions to adequately
host the high-density and high-performance computing that is in high demand. The newer
generation of central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) has
substantially higher thermal power densities than previous generations. In recent years,
more data centers rely on liquid cooling for the high-heat processors inside the servers
and air cooling for the remaining low-heat information technology equipment. This
hybrid cooling approach creates a smaller and more efficient data center. The deployment
of direct-to-chip cold plate liquid cooling is one of the mainstream approaches to
providing concentrated cooling to targeted processors. In this study, a processor-level
experimental setup was developed to evaluate the cooling performance of a novel
computer numerical control (CNC) machined nickel-plated impinging cold plate on a
1 in. 1 in. mock heater that represents a functional processing unit. The pressure drop
and thermal resistance performance curves of the electroless nickel-plated cold plate are
compared to those of a pure copper cold plate. A temperature uniformity analysis is done
using compuational fluid dynamics and compared to the actual test data. Finally, the
CNC machined pure copper one is compared to other reported cold plates to demonstrate
its superiority of the design with respect to the cooling performance.
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The State of Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing/Computer Numerical Control: Prior Development and the Path Toward a Smarter Computer Numerical Controller
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As the demand for computing careers increases, it is important to implement strategies to broaden the participation in computer science for African Americans. Computer science courses and academic pathways are not always offered in secondary schools. Many teachers are not trained in computer science, yet are pushed to incorporate more computing, computational thinking, and computer usage. A qualitative focus group study was implemented to assess the computer science identities of African American teachers and of their respective urban secondary schools serving African American students. Three major codes were identified: district administration of computer and computing implementation, teacher attitudes towards computer science instruction, and teachers’ recommendations to improve computer science and computational thinking instruction and outreach for African American secondary school students. Findings can be used to improve computer science and technology rollout programs from county and district administrations, teacher instruction with digital tools, and computer science outreach for African American secondary school students.more » « less
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Blikstein, P. ; Van Aalst, J. ; Kizito, R. ; Brennan, K. (Ed.)
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Pathways to the professoriate for women in computer science are narrow and fraught with barriers. These obstacles are further exacerbated at the intersections of race and gender. Black women (who make up 6.4% of the U.S. population) comprise only 1.1% of computer science undergraduate degrees and < 1% of computer science PhDs. Despite these paltry numbers, one computer science PhD program may have found the combination of factors necessary to widen the pathway by engaging in strategic recruitment, developing communities of practice, and providing strong mentorship for women of color in computer science. Guided primarily by intersectionality theory, social identity theory, and landscapes of practice, this single case study explored the experiences of Black women in pursuit of their doctorate in computer science at a predominantly white institution to answer the research questions: (1) How do Black women graduate students in computer science describe their computer science identity? (2) How do landscapes of practice influence computer science identity formation or salience of Black women in a computer science graduate program? Thematic analysis of this case revealed three common themes within their experiences: moments of impact, boundary spanning, and community residence. These themes, all of which revolve around ideas of community and support, are critical to understanding a key discovery of this study: why a sense of belonging, rather than identity salience (as much research suggests), was the best indicator of the women’s persistence.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1520/SSMS20190046
