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1. Single crystal neutron and magnetic measurements of Rb ₂ Mn ₃ (VO ₄ ) ₂ CO ₃ and K ₂ Co ₃ (VO ₄ ) ₂ CO ₃ with mixed honeycomb and triangular magnetic lattices

   https://doi.org/10.1039/C9DT03389K  

   Smith Pellizzeri, Tiffany M. ; Sanjeewa, Liurukara D. ; Pellizzeri, Steven ; McMillen, Colin D. ; Garlea, V. Ovidiu ; Ye, Feng ; Sefat, Athena S. ; Kolis, Joseph W. ( April 2020 , Dalton Transactions)

   Two new alkali vanadate carbonates with divalent transition metals have been synthesized as large single crystals via a high-temperature (600 °C) hydrothermal technique. Compound I , Rb 2 Mn 3 (VO 4 ) 2 CO 3 , crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system in the space group P 3̄1 c , and compound II , K 2 Co 3 (VO 4 ) 2 CO 3 , crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P 6 3 / m . Both structures contain honeycomb layers and triangular lattices made from edge-sharing MO 6 octahedra and MO 5 trigonal bipyramids, respectively. The honeycomb and triangular layers are connected along the c -axis through tetrahedral [VO 4 ] groups. The MO 5 units are connected with each other by carbonate groups in the ab -plane by forming a triangular magnetic lattice. The difference in space groups between I and II was also investigated with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Single crystal magnetic characterization of I indicates three magnetic transitions at 77 K, 2.3 K, and 1.5 K. The corresponding magnetic structures for each magnetic transition of I were determined using single crystal neutron diffraction. At 77 K the compound orders in the MnO 6more »-honeycomb layer in a Néel-type antiferromagnetic orientation while the MnO 5 triangular lattice ordered below 2.3 K in a colinear ‘up–up–down’ fashion, followed by a planar ‘Y’ type magnetic structure. K 2 Co 3 (VO 4 ) 2 CO 3 ( II ) exhibits a canted antiferromagnetic ordering below T N = 8 K. The Curie–Weiss fit (200–350 K) gives a Curie–Weiss temperature of −42 K suggesting a dominant antiferromagnetic coupling in the Co 2+ magnetic sublattices.« less
2. Na‐Rich Na ₃ V ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₃ Cathodes for Long Cycling Rechargeable Sodium Full Cells

   https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202203283  

   Liu, Yao ; Wu, Xiangyong ; Moeez, Abdul ; Peng, Zhi ; Xia, Yongyao ; Zhao, Dongyuan ; Liu, Jun ; Li, Wei ( December 2022 , Advanced Energy Materials)

   NASICON‐type sodium vanadium phosphate (Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃, or NVP) cathode materials have great potential for fast charging and long cycling sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) similar to lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄, or LFP) cathode materials used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the cycle life and energy density in the full cell using NVP materials need to be significantly improved. This paper investigates the degradation mechanisms of NVP‐based SIBs and identifies the Na loss from the cathode to the anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) reactions as the main cause of capacity degradation. A new Na‐rich NVP cathode (e.g., Na₄V₂(PO₄)₃, or Na₄VP) is developed to address the Na loss problem. Conventional NVP can be easily transformed into the Na₄VP by a facile and fast chemical solution treatment (30 s). Na‐free‐anode Na₄VP and hard carbon‐Na₄VP full cells are assembled to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the Na‐rich NVP cathode. The Na₄VP cathode provides excess Na to compensate for the Na loss, resulting much longer cycle life in the full cells (>400 cycles) and a high specific energy and power density. Good low‐temperature performance is also observed.
3. Unveiling the Charge Storage Mechanism in Nonaqueous and Aqueous Zn/Na ₃ V ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₂ F ₃ Batteries

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c00505  

   Park, Min Je ; Manthiram, Arumugam ( May 2020 , ACS Applied Energy Materials)
4. Elucidating the Impact of Mg Substitution on the Properties of NASICON‐Na _{3+ y} V _{2− y} Mg _y (PO ₄ ) ₃ Cathodes

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202105463  

   Ghosh, Subham ; Barman, Nabadyuti ; Gonzalez‐Correa, Eliovardo ; Mazumder, Madhulika ; Zaveri, Aryan ; Giovine, Raynald ; Manche, Alexis ; Pati, Swapan K. ; Clément, Raphaële J. ; Senguttuvan, Premkumar ( August 2021 , Advanced Functional Materials)

   Vanadium multiredox‐based NASICON‐Na_zV_2−yM_y(PO₄)₃(3 ≤z ≤ 4; M = Al³⁺, Cr³⁺, and Mn²⁺) cathodes are particularly attractive for Na‐ion battery applications due to their high Na insertion voltage (>3.5 V vs Na⁺/Na⁰), reversible storage capacity (≈150 mA h g⁻¹), and rate performance. However, their practical application is hindered by rapid capacity fade due to bulk structural rearrangements at high potentials involving complex redox and local structural changes. To decouple these factors, a series of Mg²⁺‐substituted Na_3+yV_2−yMg_y(PO₄)₃(0 ≤y ≤ 1) cathodes is studied for which the only redox‐active species is vanadium. While X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of solid solutions between they = 0 and 1 end members, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance reveal a complex evolution of the local structure upon progressive Mg²⁺substitution for V³⁺. Concurrently, the intercalation voltage rises from 3.35 to 3.45 V, due to increasingly more ionic VO bonds, and the sodium (de)intercalation mechanism transitions from a two‐phase fory ≤ 0.5 to a solid solution process fory ≥ 0.5, as confirmed by in operando XRD, while Na‐ion diffusion kinetics follow a nonlinear trend across the compositional series.
5. Solution Synthesis of Sb ₂ S ₃ and Na ₃ SbS ₄ Solid-State Electrolyte

   https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3752  

   Vaselabadi, Saeed Ahmadi ; Smith, William H. ; Wolden, Colin A. ( November 2021 , Journal of The Electrochemical Society)

   Sodium thioantimonate (Na 3 SbS 4 ) is an attractive solid-state electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries due to its high ionic conductivity and stability in protic solvents. Herein, we describe solution-based routes for its synthesis. First, we demonstrate the synthesis of the Sb 2 S 3 precursor via thermodynamically favorable metathesis between Na 2 S and SbCl 3 . This solution-based approach is further extended to couple the resulting Sb 2 S 3 with Na 2 S for the synthesis of Na 3 SbS 4 . It is shown that ethanol is a superior solvent to water for solution-based synthesis of Na 3 SbS 4 with respect to yield, morphology, and performance. Amorphous Sb 2 S 3 synthesized from low-temperature metathesis produced highly crystalline Na 3 SbS 4 with a room temperature Na + conductivity of 0.52 mS cm −1 and low activation energy, comparable to leading values reported in the literature.